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| 2. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical abstract associations in aphasia measured by a semantic space model
- 2010
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Ingår i: The 20th Annual Rotman Research Institute Conference, The frontal lobes. - Toronto : Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semantic similarity between concrete and abstract cue words and free association words was measured for aphasic subjects with left perisylvian lesions using a semantic space model. Aphasic participants showed more atypical associations the more abstract the cue words were. They also generally produced less abstract words than control subjects. The results support models assuming that the meanings of concrete words are represented in bi-hemispheric networks of semantic features in the brain, whereas the representation of abstract words is more dependent on the left perisylvian language network.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Victoria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Språk och hjärna
- 2013
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Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083391
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Språk och hjärna
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 225-241
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Språk och hjärna
- 2013
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Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen : människans språk 1-2. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 225-241
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Språk och hjärna
- 2013
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Ingår i: Språket, människan och världen. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Lindberg, Frida, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Aesthetic ultrasound devices : Current state of knowledge and suggested measurement set-up for characterization of exposure
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report concerns the ultrasound devices used for the aesthetic purposes of body contouring and fat reduction (ablation of adipose tissue). Such devices have recently become more frequent on the Swedish market. These ultrasound devices are currently not medically regulated in Sweden and little is known about their safety and potentially harmful exposure when using them.This report aims to provide relevant information about present guidelines and scientific results in the area, a survey of the Swedish market and also recommendations on how to characterize the ultrasound emitted by these devices. This information provides an important basis for possible future regulatory actions.All aesthetic ultrasound devices found on the Swedish market use low-frequency non-thermal ultrasound. These types of devices (with one exception) have not yet been studied in peer-reviewed publications and the technical specifications from the suppliers are often incomplete. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate the devices in order to gain adequate knowledge about possible risks associated with their use.Ultrasound exposure should be characterized by its frequency and acoustic pressure. It has not been fully investigated whether the mathematical equation for the mechanical index is valid for the low frequencies used by aesthetic ultrasound equipment on the Swedish market. In this report, two different hydrophone measurement set-ups for characterization of ultrasound exposure are proposed. The most common reason behind adverse events or exposure of non-target tissue regions is most likely handling errors by the operator. Hence, only characterization of the ultrasound field does not necessarily imply the safe use of aesthetic ultrasound devices.It is recommended that the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority and the Swedish Medical Products Agency discuss their respective future responsibility and how aesthetic ultrasound devices should be regulated.
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| 8. |
- Lindberg, Frida, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of ultrasound Tissue Velocity Imaging : a phantom study of velocity estimation in skeletal muscle low-level contractions
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Imaging. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2342 .- 1471-2342. ; 13:1, s. 16-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tissue Velocity Imaging (TVI) is an ultrasound based technique used for quantitative analysis of the cardiac function and has earlier been evaluated according to myocardial velocities. Recent years several studies have reported applying TVI in the analysis of skeletal muscles. Skeletal tissue velocities can be very low. In particular, when performing isometric contractions or contractions of low force level the velocities may be much lower compared to the myocardial tissue velocities. Methods: In this study TVI was evaluated for estimation of tissue velocities below the typical myocardial velocities. An in-house phantom was used to see how different PRF-settings affected the accuracy of the velocity estimations. Results: With phantom peak velocity at 0.03 cm/s the error ranged from 31% up to 313% with the different PRF-settings in this study. For the peak velocities at 0.17 cm/s and 0.26 cm/s there was no difference in error with tested PFR settings, it is kept approximately around 20%. Conclusions: The results from the present study showed that the PRF setting did not seem to affect the accuracy of the velocity estimation at tissue velocities above 0.17 cm/s. However at lower velocities (0.03 cm/s) the setting was crucial for the accuracy. The PRF should therefore preferable be reduced when the method is applied in low-level muscle contraction.
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| 9. |
- Mårtensson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Abstract, concrete and emotional words in the mental lexicon : A coding scheme for analyzing verbal descriptions of word meanings
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Third Conference of the Scandinavian Association for Language and Cognition, SALC III. - Copenhagen : University of Copenhagen. ; , s. 86-87
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has suggested that abstract and concrete semantics are processed and conceptualized differently (Pulvermüller 1999, Crutch & Warrington 2005; Fuster 2009). Specifically, concrete semantics is assumed to be processed by posterior, sensory brain areas, as opposed to an anterior processing of abstract semantic information. In addition, other researchers raise the question whether emotional words should be included in the abstract category (Altarriba & Bauer 2004, Kousta et al. 2009).Following this, the present study proposes a method for analyzing spontaneous discourse produced by aphasic and healthy subjects describing the meanings of abstract, concrete, and emotional words. Linguistic data related to word meanings were obtained by asking subjects to describe the meanings of nouns varying in concreteness and emotional arousal freely and as detailed as possible, a method based on Barsalou & Wiemer-Hastings (2005). Subjects with anterior/posterior lesions and healthy controls were hypothesized to differ in their retrieval and verbalization of semantic information related to the cue words, with posterior lesions affecting concrete semantic features and anterior lesions affecting higher levels of abstraction and structuring of information. Emotional information, partly processed by subcortical structures, was expected to be well-preserved despite cortical lesions.A coding scheme was developed in order to capture semantic and structural information in the transcribed material, taking the following factors into account:Type of information in an utterance: general/personal:episodic/personal:evaluative/procedural cuesClauses: main/subordinateRelation between produced content word and cue word: contextual/ property-basedSemantic information of produced content words: abstract/ concrete/emotionalWhether the topic is maintainedWhether the information is semantically acceptableThe proposed coding scheme makes it possible to investigate how different brain lesions affect retrieval and expression of semantic information with differing degrees of abstractness.Altarriba, J. & Bauer, L.M. (2004). The distinctiveness of emotion concepts: A comparison between emotion, abstract, and concrete words. The American Journal of Psychology 117(3), 389-410.Barsalou, L.W. & Wiemer-Hastings, K. (2005). Situating Abstract Concepts. In Grounding Cognition: The Role of Perception and Action in Memory, Language, and Thinking. Pecher, D. & Zwaan, R.A.(Eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Crutch, S.J. & Warrington, E.K. (2005). Abstract and concrete concepts have structurally different representational frameworks. Brain 128, 615-627.Fuster, J. (2009) Cortex and memory: Emergence of a new paradigm. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21,11, 2047-2072.Kousta, S-T., Vigliocco, G., Vinson, D.P Andrews, M. (2009). Happiness is... an abstract word. The role of affect in abstract knowledge representation. In N.A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 1115-1120. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.Pulvermüller, F. (1999). Words in the brain's language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, 253-336.
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