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| 2. |
- Backofen, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Usage of bioinformatics tools and identification of information sources
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bioinformatics is an important application area for semantic web technologies as much of the data is online and accessible in XML format, as some sites already support web services, and as ontologies are widely used to annotate data. In this deliverable, we give a survey over 18 of the most important bioinformatics resources and discuss their availability and accessibility, which are two of the main criteria for these resources to act as bases for later demonstrators.
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| 4. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 5. |
- Brout, Dillon, et al.
(författare)
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The Pantheon+ analysis : cosmological constraints
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 938:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present constraints on cosmological parameters from the Pantheon+ analysis of 1701 light curves of 1550 distinct Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) ranging in redshift from z = 0.001 to 2.26. This work features an increased sample size from the addition of multiple cross-calibrated photometric systems of SNe covering an increased redshift span, and improved treatments of systematic uncertainties in comparison to the original Pantheon analysis, which together result in a factor of 2 improvement in cosmological constraining power. For a flat ΛCDM model, we find ΩM = 0.334 ± 0.018 from SNe Ia alone. For a flat w0CDM model, we measure w0 = −0.90 ± 0.14 from SNe Ia alone, H0 = 73.5 ± 1.1 km s−1 Mpc−1 when including the Cepheid host distances and covariance (SH0ES), and w0 = -0.978-+0.0310.024 when combining the SN likelihood with Planck constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO); both w0 values are consistent with a cosmological constant. We also present the most precise measurements to date on the evolution of dark energy in a flat w0waCDM universe, and measure wa = -0.1-+2.00.9 from Pantheon+ SNe Ia alone, H0 = 73.3 ± 1.1 km s−1 Mpc−1 when including SH0ES Cepheid distances, and wa = -0.65-+0.320.28 when combining Pantheon+ SNe Ia with CMB and BAO data. Finally, we find that systematic uncertainties in the use of SNe Ia along the distance ladder comprise less than one-third of the total uncertainty in the measurement of H0 and cannot explain the present “Hubble tension” between local measurements and early universe predictions from the cosmological model.
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| 8. |
- Eickhoff, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Bring the Noise : Introducing Noise Robustness to Pretrained Automatic Speech Recognition
- 2023
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Ingår i: Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2023. - : Springer. - 9783031441943 - 9783031441950 ; , s. 376-388
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent research, in the domain of speech processing, large End-to-End (E2E) systems for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) have reported state-of-the-art performance on various benchmarks. These systems intrinsically learn how to handle and remove noise conditions from speech. Previous research has shown, that it is possible to extract the denoising capabilities of these models into a preprocessor network, which can be used as a frontend for downstream ASR models. However, the proposed methods were limited to specific fully convolutional architectures. In this work, we propose a novel method to extract the denoising capabilities, that can be applied to any encoder-decoder architecture. We propose the Cleancoder preprocessor architecture that extracts hidden activations from the Conformer ASR model and feeds them to a decoder to predict denoised spectrograms. We train our pre-processor on the Noisy Speech Database (NSD) to reconstruct denoised spectrograms from noisy inputs. Then, we evaluate our model as a frontend to a pretrained Conformer ASR model as well as a frontend to train smaller Conformer ASR models from scratch. We show that the Clean-coder is able to filter noise from speech and that it improves the total Word Error Rate (WER) of the downstream model in noisy conditions for both applications.
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| 9. |
- Faue, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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High-speed X-ray study of process dynamics caused by surface features during continuous-wave laser polishing
- 2023
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Ingår i: CIRP annals. - : Elsevier. - 0007-8506 .- 1726-0604. ; 72:1, s. 201-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During high-speed X-ray imaging of laser surface polishing experiments of specimens of 316L stainless steel at Argonne National Lab's Advanced Photon Source, it was discovered that the induced keyhole changes shape and dimensions while crossing an engineered surface feature without altering process parameters. It was observed that the post-surface feature keyhole was deeper than that of the pre surface feature keyhole. This work reports on the first in-situ observation of the effect of localized surface geometry on underlying melt pool behavior. This has implications for defect formation mechanisms during laser melting processes that rely on melt pool geometry.
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