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- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
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| 4. |
- Elrasoul, Ahmed Shaaban Abd, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Azolla pinnata Ethanolic Extract against Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
- 2020
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Ingår i: Antioxidants. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3921. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study investigated the protective potential of Azolla pinnate ethanolic extract (APE) against lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 10). The control group was orally administrated with saline. The second group received lead acetate (100 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally for 60 days). The third group was fed with APE (10 mg/kg BW orally for 60 days). The fourth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group and APE like the third group, concomitantly, for 60 days. The fifth group was administrated with APE like the third group for 30 days, then orally administrated with the lead acetate like the second group for another 30 days. The sixth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group for 30 days, then with APE like the third group for a further 30 days. Phytochemical analysis of APE indicated the presence of peonidin 3-O-glucoside cation, vitexin, rutin, thiamine, choline, tamarixetin, hyperoside, astragalin, and quercetin. The latter has been elucidated using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS). Lead acetate increased the serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and that of urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1β, hepatic tissue malondialdehyde contents, and caspase 3 protein expression, as well as altering the hepatic tissue architecture. However, it decreased the serum levels of interleukin 10 and glutathione (GSH) contents, and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in hepatic tissue. In contrast, the administration of APE ameliorated the lead-induced alterations in liver function and structure, exemplifying the benefits of Azolla’s phytochemical contents. Collectively, A. pinnate extract is a protective and curative agent against lead-induced hepatotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic impacts.
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| 5. |
- Mahdy, Nasser M., et al.
(författare)
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Combined zircon U-Pb dating and chemical Th-U-total Pb chronology of monazite and thorite, Abu Diab A-type granite, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt : Constraints on the timing and magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal granitic magmatism in the Arabian Nubian Shield
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemie der Erde. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2819 .- 1611-5864. ; 80:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first chemical age determination of monazite from a geochemically-specialized rare metal granite of the Central Eastern Desert (CED), Egypt. The Abu Diab composite A-type granite of the CED divides into three co-magmatic phases: two mica granite (TG), garnet-bearing muscovite granite (GMG), and muscovite granite (MG). The GMG granitic phase is a typical example of a rare metal, volatile-rich aqueous silicate magma. Its zircon has extremely high U-concentration (up to 45,000 ppm) and intense metamictization, resulting in significant radiogenic Pb-loss, as well as common Pb contamination, along fractures and other imperfections. Laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb results yield imprecise to meaningless dates. On the other hand, the GMG exhibits two texturally and chemically distinct varieties of monazite, pristine (Mnz1) and altered (Mnz2), that yield similar electron microprobe (EMP) chemical ages of 587 +/- 8 Ma (2 sigma) for Mnz1 and 587 +/- 9 Ma (2 sigma) for Mnz2. These ages, combined with the inferred alteration temperature (T > 400 degrees C), indicate monazite alteration/replacement occurred during or soon after crystallization of the pluton, in response to expelled magmatic-hydrothermal fluids inferred to be F-rich, late-staged deuteric fluids. The alteration and elemental substitution of zircon and monazite reflect coupled dissolution-recrystallization processes during late-staged deuteric alteration when zircon and thorite were relatively vulnerable to post-magmatic hydrothermal effects because of their extremely metamict state. The ca. 587 Ma age is typical of A-type granite intrusion across the CED and the post-collisional stage of the Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS; 610 - 560 Ma), and is within analytical error of associated magmatic thorite (592 +/- 8 Ma). These two ages agree with the timing of rare metal-rich intrusions (0.6-0.4 Ga) related to the Pan-African orogeny. Future research using the monazite chronometer may better constrain the timing of rare metal granitic magmatism of the ANS.
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| 6. |
- Mabrouk, A., et al.
(författare)
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MCID and PASS in Knee Surgeries. Theoretical Aspects and Clinical Relevance References
- 2023
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Ingår i: Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 31
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application and interpretation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROM), following knee injuries, pathologies, and interventions, can be challenging. In recent years, the literature has been enriched with metrics to facilitate our understanding and interpretation of these outcome measures. Two commonly utilized tools include the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and the patient acceptable symptoms state (PASS). These measures have demonstrated clinical value, however, they have often been under- or mis-reported. It is paramount to use them to understand the clinical significance of any statistically significant results. Still, it remains important to know their caveats and limitations. In this focused report on MCID and PASS, their definitions, methods of calculations, clinical relevance, interpretations, and limitations are reviewed and presented in a simple approach.
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| 7. |
- Shokry, Dina M., et al.
(författare)
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Moringa oleifera leaves extract enhances fresh and cryopreserved semen characters of Barki rams
- 2020
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Ingår i: Theriogenology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0093-691X .- 1879-3231. ; 153, s. 133-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MOLE) to improve the characters of fresh and cryopreserved semen of Barki rams compared to vitamin E and Selenium combination. Twenty-four mature Barki rams (50-70 Kg) were randomly assigned into three groups, eight rams each. The first group was given distilled water orally. The second group was given MOLE orally daily at a dose of 40 mg/kg. The third group was injected with a combination of vitamin E and selenium at a dose of 3 ml (4.5 mg sodium selenite and 204 mg vitamin E)/head i.m twice a week for 64 days. Moringa oleifera leaves extract increased semen volume, sperm concentration, activities of seminal plasma catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), levels of ascorbic acid and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, it significantly increased post thawing sperms motility, viability index, membrane integrity, and the activities of post thawing semen antioxidant enzymes. While it decreased seminal plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acrosomal defects and DNA fragmentation of sperm in cryopreserved semen. Vitamin E and selenium decreased semin volume, sperm concentration, seminal plasma ascorbic acid, TAC concentrations and activities of antioxidant enzymes while it increased sperm abnormalities, DNA fragmentation and MDA concentration in seminal plasma. This study indicated that Moringa oleifera leaves extract improved the characters of the fresh and cryopreserved semen of Barki rams via improving seminal plasma antioxidant defense mechanism. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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