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- van Bragt, JJMH, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and treatment regimens across ERS SHARP severe asthma registries
- 2020
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 55:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the characteristics and treatments of patients with severe asthma across Europe, but both are likely to vary. This is the first study in the European Respiratory Society Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Research collaboration, Patient-centred (SHARP) Clinical Research Collaboration and it is designed to explore these variations. Therefore, we aimed to compare characteristics of patients in European severe asthma registries and treatments before starting biologicals.This was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of aggregated data from 11 national severe asthma registries that joined SHARP with established patient databases.Analysis of data from 3236 patients showed many differences in characteristics and lifestyle factors. Current smokers ranged from 0% (Poland and Sweden) to 9.5% (Belgium), mean body mass index ranged from 26.2 (Italy) to 30.6 kg·m−2 (the UK) and the largest difference in mean pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted was 20.9% (the Netherlands versus Hungary). Before starting biologicals patients were treated differently between countries: mean inhaled corticosteroid dose ranged from 700 to 1335 µg·day−1 between those from Slovenia versus Poland when starting anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody and from 772 to 1344 µg·day−1 in those starting anti-IgE (Slovenia versus Spain). Maintenance oral corticosteroid use ranged from 21.0% (Belgium) to 63.0% (Sweden) and from 9.1% (Denmark) to 56.1% (the UK) in patients starting anti-IL-5 and anti-IgE, respectively.The severe asthmatic population in Europe is heterogeneous and differs in both clinical characteristics and treatment, often appearing not to comply with the current European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines definition of severe asthma. Treatment regimens before starting biologicals were different from inclusion criteria in clinical trials and varied between countries.
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- La Macchia, G., et al.
(författare)
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On the Analysis of the Cr-Cr Multiple Bond in Several Classes of Dichromium Compounds
- 2010
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 49:11, s. 5216-5222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the discovery of a formal quintuple bond in Ar’CrCrAr’ (CrCr = 1.835 angstrom) by Power and co-workers in 2005, many efforts have been dedicated to isolating dichromium species featuring quintuple-bond character. In the present study we investigate the electronic configuration of several, recently synthesized dichromium species with ligands using nitrogen to coordinate the metal centers. The bimetallic bond distances of Power’s compound and Cr-2-diazadiene (1) (CrCr = 1.803 angstrom) are compared to those found for Cr-2(mu-eta(2)-ArNC(R)NAr)(2) (2) (CrCr = 1.746 angstrom; R = H, Ar = 2,6-Et2C6H3), Cr-2(mu-eta(2)-(ArNC)-N-Xyl(H)NArXyl)(3) (3) (CrCr = 1.740(reduced)/1.817(neutral) angstrom; Ar-Xyl=2,6-C6H3-(CH3)(2)), Cr-2(mu-eta(2)-TippPyNMes)(2) (4) (CrCr = 1.749 angstrom; TippPyNMes = 6-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)pyridin-2-yl (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-amide), and Cr-2(mu-eta(2)-DippNC(NMe2)N-Dipp)(2) (5) (CrCr = 1.729 angstrom, Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3). We show that the correlation between the CrCr bond length and the effective bond order (EBO) is strongly affected by the nature of the ligand, as well as by the steric hindrance due to the ligand structure (e.g., the nature of the coordinating nitrogen). A linear correlation between the EBO and CrCr bond distance is established within the same group of ligands. As a result, the CrCr species based on the amidinate, aminopyridinate, and guanidinate ligands have bond patterns similar to the Ar’CrCrAr’ compound. Unlike these latter species, the dichromium diazadiene complex is characterized by a different bonding pattern involving Cr-N pi interactions, resulting in a lower bond order associated with the short metal-metal bond distance. In this case the short CrCr distance is most probably the result of the constraints imposed by the diazadiene ligand, implying a Cr2N4 core with a closer CrCr interaction.
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