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- Edvardsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring of dust emission on gravel roads : Development of a mobile methodology and examination of horizontal diffusion
- 2009
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 43:4, s. 889-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic-generated fugitive dust on gravel roads impairs visibility and deposits on the adjacent environment. Particulate matter smaller than 10 mu m in diameter (PM10) is also associated with human health problems. Dust emission strength depends on the composition of granular material, road moisture, relative humidity, local Climate (precipitation, wind velocity, etc.), and vehicle characteristics. The objectives of this study Were to develop a reliable and rapid mobile methodology to measure dust concentrations on gravel roads, evaluate the precision and repeatability of the methodology and correspondence with the currently used Visual assessment technique. Downwind horizontal diffusion was studied to evaluate the risk of exceeding the maximum allowed particulate matter concentration in ambient air near gravel roads according to European Council Directive [European Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air. Official Journal of the European Communities. L163/41.]. A TSI DustTrak Aerosol Monitor was mounted on an estate car travelling along test sections treated with various dust suppressants. Measured PM10 concentrations were compared to Visual assessments performed at the same time. Airborne particles were collected in filters Mounted behind the vehicle to compare the whole dust fraction with the PM10 concentration. For measuring the horizontal diffusion, DustTraks were placed at Various distances downwind of a dusty road section. The mobile methodology was vehicle and speed dependent but not driver dependent with pre-specified driving behaviours. A high linear correlation between PM10 of different vehicles makes relative measurements of dust concentrations possible. The methodology gives continuous data series, mobility, and easy handling and provides fast, reliable and inexpensive measurements for estimating road conditions to make road maintenance more efficient. Good correlations between measured PM10-values, visually assessed dust generation and dust collected in filters were obtained. PM10 seems to be correlated to the whole dust fraction that impairs visibility on gravel roads. A decay in PM10 concentration as a function of distance from the road was observed. Measured particles principally did not travel further than 45 m from the road. The risk of exceeding the PM10 concentration stated in the EC-directive seems small.
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- Engström, Kerstin, 1959-
(författare)
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Genus & genrer : forskningsanknutna genusdiskurser i dagspress
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the centre of this study lies the question of how research-related media texts contribute to the social construction of sex and gender conceptions when they use research, either as a main source, or to support or comment on specific issues and statements, from the political arena, for example. The principal aim of the study has been to analyze and problematize the ways in which different types of newspapers, genres and editorial sections reproduce, or contribute to change, in existing gender discourses.The material was collected from two Swedish newspapers during the year 2001: the national morning paper Dagens Nyheter (DN), and the national evening paper Aftonbladet.The theories of discourse, agenda-setting and -framing in this study are related to the questions: what kinds of knowledge on women and men, and biological, physiological, psychological, social and cultural perspectives on sex/gender are represented; how are they described; and how do content and form contribute to the (re)production of, or change in, gender discourses? The main analytical perspectives are those about gender discourse (re)production, genres as ideological forms, and the epistemologies of journalism.A combination of analytical strategies and methods was used: content and thematic analysis, and qualitative analysis of text and language with methodological tools from different traditions of discourse analysis.In my study, I can see an interplay between research traditions and genre conventions in the (re)production of gender discourses. Since the news sections repeatedly choose to publish research as empiric and in the form of results, and then within that, primarily findings from medicine and the social sciences, these areas are reproduced as important and relevant, and as producers of objective, true knowledge that can be presented as simple facts. Research-related texts in culture journalism, on the other hand, follow the tradition of primarily treating research within the humanities, and nowadays also gender and queer theoretical perspectives within different disciplines. Through the genre conventions of culture journalism, this research is reproduced as something that you can reflect upon, problematize, criticize, form an opinion of, and judge.The study also gives reason to argue that media logic and institutionalized genre conventions contribute to the reproduction of science and research as different worlds and cultures, in which the natural sciences and the humanities are found in different media spaces, and different forms of knowledge about sex/gender are given space on different conditions and in different forms.
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- Forsman, Huamei, et al.
(författare)
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Galectin 3 Aggravates Joint Inflammation and Destruction in Antigen-Induced Arthritis
- 2011
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Ingår i: ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM. - : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 63:2, s. 445-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Galectin 3, an endogenous beta galactoside-binding lectin, plays an important role in the modulation of immune responses. The finding that galectin 3 is present in the inflamed synovium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggests that the protein is associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. We undertook this study to investigate the influence of galectin 3 deficiency in a murine model of arthritis. Methods. Wild-type (WT) and galectin 3-deficient (galectin 3(-/-)) mice were subjected to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) through immunization with methylated bovine serum albumin. The concentration of serum cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF alpha]) and antigen-specific antibodies was evaluated using a cytometric bead array platform and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cellular IL-17 responses were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA, and enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results. The joint inflammation and bone erosion of AIA were markedly suppressed in galectin 3(-/-) mice as compared with WT mice. The reduced arthritis in galectin 3(-/-) mice was accompanied by decreased levels of antigen-specific IgG and proinflammatory cytokines. The frequency of IL-17-producing cells in the spleen was reduced in galectin 3(-/-) mice as compared with WT mice. Exogenously added recombinant galectin 3 could partially restore the reduced arthritis and cytokines in galectin 3(-/-) mice. Conclusion. Our findings show that galectin 3 plays a pathogenic role in the development and progression of AIA and that the disease severity is accompanied by alterations of antigen-specific IgG levels, systemic levels of TNF alpha and IL-6, and frequency of IL-17-producing T cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo evidence that galectin 3 plays a crucial role in the development of arthritis.
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- Hofvander, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Frequent low-level mutations of protein kinase D2 in angiolipoma
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology. - : WILEY. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896. ; 241:5, s. 578-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumours displaying differentiation towards normal fat constitute the most common subgroup of soft tissue neoplasms. A series of such tumours was investigated by whole-exome sequencing followed by targeted ultra-deep sequencing. Eighty per cent of angiolipomas, but not any other tumour type, displayed mutations in the protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) gene, typically in the part encoding the catalytic domain. The absence of other aberrations at the chromosome or RNA level suggests that PRKD2 mutations are critical for angiolipoma development. Consistently, the mutated PRKD2 alleles were present at low (3-15%) frequencies, indicating that only a subset of the tumour cells is affected. Indeed, by sequencing mature fat cells and other cells separately, the former typically showed the highest mutation frequencies. Thus, we hypothesize that altered PRKD2 signalling in the adipocytic cells drives tumourigenesis and, in agreement with its pivotal role in angiogenesis, induces the vessel formation that is characteristic for angiolipoma. Copyright (c) 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley amp; Sons, Ltd.
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- Hollén, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies to oat prolamines (avenins) in children with coeliac disease
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 38:7, s. 742-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of oats in a gluten-free diet for children with coeliac disease is presently under investigation. In this study we measured the content of antibodies to oat prolamines (avenin) in sera from coeliac children and reference children. Methods: Crude avenin was prepared by extraction with ethanol and salt-solution and used as antigen in a three-step ELISA. Sera from 81 children, including 34 children with verified coeliac disease, were analysed for both IgA and IgG antibodies to avenin and gliadin. Sera were also incubated with gliadin before exposure to avenin, and vice versa, to assess a possible cross-reaction between the species. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was used as a negative control. Results: Children with coeliac disease on a normal diet had significantly higher levels of antibodies to avenin, both IgG and IgA, than reference children ( P < 0.001) and the levels correlated positively with gliadin antibodies, especially of IgA-type ( r = 0.798). Both anti-avenin and anti-gliadin antibodies were only absorbed by the corresponding protein. Conclusions: Children with coeliac disease have antibodies to oat proteins at significantly higher levels than reference children. The absorption test did not indicate a cross-reactivity between the prolamines of wheat and oats. The method will be employed for repeated sampling of anti-avenin antibodies during a prospective interventional study with a gluten-free diet supplemented with oats.
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| 9. |
- Hollén, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Coeliac children on a gluten-free diet with or without oats display equal anti-avenin antibody titres
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 41:1, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Recent studies report negligible toxicity of oats in the majority of coeliac disease (CD) patients. It has previously been shown that children with untreated CD have circulating antibodies to oats avenin. In this study we performed serial assessments of anti-avenin antibodies in children under investigation for CD on a gluten-free diet with or without oats. Material and methods. The study involved 116 children, randomized to a standard gluten-free diet or a gluten-free diet supplemented with oats. Sera were obtained from 86 children, 48 in the standard gluten-free group and 38 in the gluten-free oats group, of which 33 consumed at least 10 g of oats daily. IgA and IgG anti-avenin antibodies were monitored at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months. Nitric oxide metabolites were measured in 7 patients, with deviating antibody results. Results. There was a significant decrease in anti-avenin antibodies in both groups at the end as compared to the beginning of the study, (p<0.001), but no difference was found between the two groups. IgA titres already declined after 3 months. IgG titres, although significantly decreased, remained high in the majority of patients in both groups. Nitric oxide levels were high in four of the analysed samples. Conclusions. Oats per se, do not seem to produce a humoral immune reaction in children with CD when given in an otherwise gluten-free diet, indicating that the reaction requires gluten challenge. Anti-avenin antibodies were equal in the two study groups, and these findings strengthen the clinical impression that oats can be tolerated by the majority of patients with CD.
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| 10. |
- Hollén, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary nitric oxide during one year of gluten-free diet with or without oats in children with coeliac disease
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 41:11, s. 1272-1278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Although in both adults and children with coeliac disease (CD) it is now recommended that oats be added to their gluten-free diet, there is still some controversy concerning the possible harmful effects of oats in some individuals. In this study concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites were repeatedly measured in the urine of children under investigation for CD, when on a gluten-free diet with or without oats. Material and methods. The study included 116 children, randomized to a standard gluten-free diet (GFD-std) or a gluten-free diet supplemented with wheat-free oat products (GFD-oats), over a one-year period. Small-bowel biopsy was performed at the beginning and end of the study. Morning urine samples were collected from 87 children and urinary nitrite/nitrate concentrations were monitored at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Results. All patients were in clinical remission after the study period. There was a rapid decline in urinary nitrite/nitrate concentrations in both groups as early as after 3 months. No differences were seen between the study groups at any of the checkpoints. However, at the end of the study, the nitrite/nitrate values of 9 children in the GFD-oats group and 8 children in the GFD-std group had not normalized. Conclusions. Children with CD on a gluten-free diet with oats display a similar reduction in urinary nitrite/nitrate as those on a traditional gluten-free diet. Some children, however, still demonstrate high nitrite/nitrate excretion after one year on either diet, indicating that long-term follow-up studies of children on an oats-containing diet are needed.
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