| 1. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Lossow, Stefan, 1977-
(författare)
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Observations of water vapour in the middle atmosphere
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and plays a fundamental role in the climate system and for the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere. This thesis presents observations of water vapour in the middle atmosphere with a particular focus on the mesosphere. The majority of these observations presented in this thesis have been performed by the Swedish satellite Odin, providing global observations since 2001. Further observations come from the Hygrosonde-2 campaign in December 2001 based on balloon and rocket-borne measurements. A general overview of Odin's water vapour measurements in the middle atmosphere is given. The optimisation of the mesospheric water vapour retrieval is presented in detail.The analysis of the observations has focused mainly on different dynamical aspects utilising the characteristic of water vapour as a dynamical tracer in the middle atmosphere. One application is the mesospheric part of the semi-annual oscillation (SAO). The observations reveal that this oscillation is the dominant pattern of variability between 30°S and 10°N in the mesosphere up to an altitude of 80 km. Above 90 km the SAO is dominating at all latitudes in the tropics and subtropics. It is shown that the SAO exhibits a distinct phase change between 75 km and 80 km in the tropical region.This thesis also presents the first satellite observations of water vapour in the altitude range between 90 km and 110 km, extending the observational database up into the lower thermosphere. In the polar regions water vapour exhibits the annual maximum during winter time above 95 km, mainly caused by upwelling during this season. This behaviour is different from that observed in the subjacent part of the mesosphere where the annual maximum occurs during summer time.The Hygrosonde-2 campaign provided a high resolution measurement of water vapour in the vicinity of the polar vortex edge. This edge prevents horizontal transport causing different water vapour characteristics inside and outside the polar vortex. The observations show that this separating behaviour extends high up into the mesosphere. Small scale transitions in the Hygrosonde-2 profile between conditions inside and outside the vortex coincided with wind shears caused by gravity waves.
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| 3. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Teclechiel, Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
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Synthesis and characterization of highly polybrominated diphenyl ethers
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) make up an important class of brominated flame retardants. The present production is mainly concentrated to DecaBDE but until recently also a significant production of PentaBDE and OctaBDE took place, leaving us with a large number of different PBDE congeners. The PBDEs have become widespread pollutants abiotically and in biota, particularly in high trophic level wildlife and in humans. Accordingly, pure authentic reference standards have been required to promote high quality exposure assessments of wildlife and humans and analysis of abiotic matrices, to study both chemical and physical properties of the PBDEs and to allow toxicological studies. The objective of this thesis was to develop methods for synthesis of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners and to characterize them. Further, some octabrominated DEs were determined with x-ray crystallography. Main focus has been to prepare highly brominated PBDE congeners, i.e. PBDEs substituted with six to nine bromine atoms.A total number of twenty-three PBDE congeners were synthesized via reduction of decabromodiphenyl ether receiving nonaBDEs; perbromination and bromination of mono- and diaminodiphenyl ethers followed by diazotization of the amino group(s) and reduction of the diazonium ion(s) receiving octaBDEs and nonaBDEs; selective bromination of diaminodiphenyl ethers followed by diazotization of the amino groups and insertion of bromine receiving hexaBDEs and heptaBDEs; bromination of the latter PBDEs giving octaBDEs; and an improved coupling of symmetrical diphenyliodonium salts with bromophenols yielding tetraBDEs to octaBDEs. To enable these compounds to be synthesized three hexabromodiphenyl iodonium salts were prepared: 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’-, 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’- and 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’ - hexabromodiphenyliodonium salts. These iodonium salts are described for the first time which made it possible to synthesize PBDE congeners with 2,3,4-, 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-tribromo substitution in the phenyl rings originating from the diphenyliodonium salts. Among the PBDE congeners 18 are synthesized for the first time. The thesis includes an improved methodology for synthesis of polybromodiphenyl iodonium salts which is based on improved solubilization of both one of the reactants and the product formed. The present work on PBDE synthesis adds useful methods for synthesis of the most highly brominated diphenyl ether congeners.
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| 5. |
- Amir, Alia
(författare)
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Doing Language Policy : A Micro-Interactional Study of Policy Practices in English as a Foreign Language Classes
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigates foreign language classroom talk and micro-level language policy-in-process from an ethnomethodological conversation analytic perspective. The study is based on 20 hours of video recordings from 20 lessons in an English as a Foreign Language classroom (EFL) in grades 8 and 9 of an international compulsory school in Sweden between the years 2007 and 2010. The main purpose of the study is to shed light on some of the distinguishing features of how a target-language-only policy is materialised in situ in a foreign language classroom. The study demonstrates the relative ease with which teachers and pupils uphold a strict language policy in the classroom, but also the considerable interactional work that is done, by both teachers and pupils, in cases where upholding the policy becomes problematic. An interactional phenomenon which arises in such cases is language policing, where the teacher or pupils restore the policy-prescribed linguistic order. Such sequences are analysed in detail. The study increases our understanding of how language policy is lived out in practice, through interaction in the classroom.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Hanna, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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What Influences People’s Tradeoff Decisions Between CO2 Emissions and Travel Time? An Experiment With Anchors and Normative Messages
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the today’s greatest challenges is to adjust our behavior so that we can avoid a major climate disaster. To do so, we must make sacrifices for the sake of the environment. The study reported here investigates how anchors (extrinsic motivational-free information) and normative messages (extrinsic motivational information) influence people’s tradeoffs between travel time and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the context of car travel and whether any interactions with environmental concern (an intrinsic motivational factor) can be observed. In this study, people received either a CO2, health or no normative message together with either a high anchor, a low anchor, or no anchor. People that received both a high anchor and a CO2 emission normative message were willing to travel for a longer time than those that only received a high anchor. If a low anchor was presented, no differences in willingness to travel for a longer time were found between the three different conditions of normative message groups, i.e., CO2 normative message, health normative message, or no normative message. People with higher concern for the environment were found to be willing to travel for a longer time than those with lower concern for the environment. Further, this effect was strongest when a high anchor was presented. These results suggest that anchors and normative messages are among the many factors that can influence people’s tradeoffs between CO2 emission and travel time, and that various factors may have to be combined to increase their influence over pro-environmental behavior and decisions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ferreira, MA, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association and transcriptome studies identify target genes and risk loci for breast cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 1741-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 170 breast cancer susceptibility loci. Here we hypothesize that some risk-associated variants might act in non-breast tissues, specifically adipose tissue and immune cells from blood and spleen. Using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) reported in these tissues, we identify 26 previously unreported, likely target genes of overall breast cancer risk variants, and 17 for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, several with a known immune function. We determine the directional effect of gene expression on disease risk measured based on single and multiple eQTL. In addition, using a gene-based test of association that considers eQTL from multiple tissues, we identify seven (and four) regions with variants associated with overall (and ER-negative) breast cancer risk, which were not reported in previous GWAS. Further investigation of the function of the implicated genes in breast and immune cells may provide insights into the etiology of breast cancer.
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| 10. |
- Figlioli, G, et al.
(författare)
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The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: NPJ breast cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2374-4677. ; 5, s. 38-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors.
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