| 1. |
- Bauzà van Slingerlandt, Alicia, et al.
(författare)
-
Planificació territorial insular a les Illes Balears: sostenibilitat forta o dèbil?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Homenatge a Bartomeu Barceló i Pons, geògraf [Tribute to Bartomeu Barceló i Pons, geographer]. - 9788492562985 ; , s. 355-369
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainability is a concept that has generated a great political and scientific debate during the last two decades, especially from the moment it was added to the concept of development. This has led to the distinction of two main interpretations of the term: weak and strong sustainability. The basic difference between both is that the first considers natural, manufactured and human capitals are substitutes, while the latter considers they are complementary. The Balearic Islands (Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza and Formentera) are located in the Western Mediterranean basin. The archipelago has experienced a great transformation due to tourism and nowadays it is one of the most important global tourist spaces where this economic activity covers about ¾ of the total GDP and labour. Moreover, tourism is understood as an urbanizing force. Since the late 1950s the land has been transformed by the construction of tourism ‘infrastructures’ (hotels, restaurants, shopping centres, etc) and by the parallel urban process of non-tourist infrastructures. Land transformation has been accompanied by a lack of planning. Though some attempts of planning have been taken place, it was in 1999 when a more comprehensive strategy of land use planning started through the Land Use Planning Directives (DOT- Directrius d’Ordenació del Territori). Due to special features of each island, every insular government had to develop a particular plan called Insular Land Use Plan (PTI- Pla Territorial Insular). This paper will attempt to analyse the three different Insular Plans according to the conceptualisation of weak or strong sustainability since different land use planning is related to different geohistorical processes of insertion to tourism development.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lozano, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal Metals Exposure and pre-adolescents’ Emotional and Behavioral Problems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Exposure and Health. - 2451-9766.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emotional and behavioral problems during childhood raise the risk of subsequent developmental of mental disorders. Our aim was to study the association between maternal metal and trace element concentrations during gestation and these problems in 9 year-old children. The study sample comprised Spanish mother-child pairs in the INMA project (n = 1003). Metals and trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl and Zn) were measured in urine samples collected during pregnancy. Inorganic As metabolites were speciated in a subsample (n = 729). Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) composed of three scales: internalizing, externalizing and total problems. Sociodemographic, dietary and exposure to other environmental pollutants were obtained through questionnaires. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in brain- and metabolism-related genes APOE, BDNF, GSTP1, and PON1 were determined in cord blood. Multivariate negative binomial models were used. The interaction with sex and genotypes was evaluated including interaction terms. A multi-element analysis was carried out by a principal component analysis. Higher concentrations of Cu, monomethylarsonic acid, and Pb during pregnancy were associated with an increased incidence ratio risk (IRR) between 4.6 and 7.5% for internalizing and externalizing problems for all three CBCL scales in the children. Increasing Mo, Ni and Co concentrations were associated with higher IRR for internalizing problems (up to 8%), and Cd for externalizing problems (6.7%). Modifications by sex and genotypes were found for several associations. Multi-element analysis associated multiple metals and trace elements (Ni, Cu, Se, Cd and Pb) with higher internalizing problems.
|
|
