| 1. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
-
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Cantoro, R., et al.
(författare)
-
Automatic generation of stimuli for fault diagnosis in IEEE 1687 networks
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design, IOLTS 2016. - 9781509015061 ; , s. 167-172
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IEEE 1687 standard describes reconfigurable structures allowing to flexibly access the instruments existing within devices (e.g., to support test, debug, calibration, etc.), by the use of configurable modules acting as controllable switches. The increasing adoption of this standard requires the availability of algorithms and tools to automate its usage. Since the resulting networks could inevitably be affected by defects which may prevent their correct usage, solutions allowing not only to test against these defects, but also to diagnose them (i.e., to identify the location of possible faults) are of uttermost importance. This paper proposes a method to automatically generate suitable test stimuli: by applying them and observing the output of the network one can not only detect possible faults, but also identify the fault responsible for the misbehavior. Experimental results gathered on a set of benchmark networks with a prototypical tool implementing the proposed techniques show the feasibility and provide a first idea about the length of the required input stimuli.
|
|
| 10. |
- Cantoro, R., et al.
(författare)
-
On the diagnostic analysis of IEEE 1687 networks
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2016 21st IEEE European Test Symposium, ETS 2016. - 9781467396592
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IEEE 1687 standard describes reconfigurable structures allowing to flexibly access the instruments existing within devices (e.g., to support test, diagnosis, calibration, etc.), by using configuration modules which act as controllable switches. The increasing adoption of this standard requires the availability of algorithms and tools to automate its usage. The resulting networks might be affected by defects preventing their correct operation. This necessitates the availability of solutions which allow not only to test against defects, but also to identify the location of possible faults via diagnosis. This paper for the first time addresses the problem of the diagnosis of IEEE 1687 networks. Experimental results gathered on a set of benchmark networks show the feasibility of the solution and provide a first idea about the length of the required input stimuli.
|
|
