| 1. |
- Mosing, Miriam A, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between flow proneness, locus of control and behavioral inhibition
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library of science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:11, s. e47958-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow is a psychological state of high but subjectively effortless attention that typically occurs during active performance of challenging tasks and is accompanied by a sense of automaticity, high control, low self-awareness, and enjoyment. Flow proneness is associated with traits and behaviors related to low neuroticism such as emotional stability, conscientiousness, active coping, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Little is known about the genetic architecture of flow proneness, behavioral inhibition and locus of control - traits also associated with neuroticism - and their interrelation. Here, we hypothesized that individuals low in behavioral inhibition and with an internal locus of control would be more likely to experience flow and explored the genetic and environmental architecture of the relationship between the three variables. Behavioral inhibition and locus of control was measured in a large population sample of 3,375 full twin pairs and 4,527 single twins, about 26% of whom also scored the flow proneness questionnaire. Findings revealed significant but relatively low correlations between the three traits and moderate heritability estimates of .41, .45, and .30 for flow proneness, behavioral inhibition, and locus of control, respectively, with some indication of non-additive genetic influences. For behavioral inhibition we found significant sex differences in heritability, with females showing a higher estimate including significant non-additive genetic influences, while in males the entire heritability was due to additive genetic variance. We also found a mainly genetically mediated relationship between the three traits, suggesting that individuals who are genetically predisposed to experience flow, show less behavioral inhibition (less anxious) and feel that they are in control of their own destiny (internal locus of control). We discuss that some of the genes underlying this relationship may include those influencing the function of dopaminergic neural systems.
|
|
| 2. |
- Mosing, Miriam A., et al.
(författare)
-
Heritability of proneness for psychological flow experiences
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 53:5, s. 699-704
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow is a subjective experience of high but effortless attention, loss of self-awareness, control, and enjoyment that can occur during active performance of challenging tasks. Proneness to experience flow is associated with personality, specifically with low neuroticism and high conscientiousness. We investigated genetic and non-genetic influences on flow proneness in 444 adult twin pairs. Data were collected using an on-line administration of the Swedish Flow Proneness Questionnaire, which includes separate scales for flow proneness in three major domains of life: work, maintenance, and leisure. We found moderate (.29-.35) heritabilities for the flow scales. Twin correlations as well as multivariate modeling suggested non-additive genetic influences. Genetic influences were almost entirely shared for the three flow scales and genetic correlations between the scales were very high (.81-.97), suggesting that the same genes influence flow proneness independently of domain. Non-shared environmental influences, in contrast, were largely specific to each flow scale. We conclude that an individual's general proneness to experience flow is influenced by the same genetic factors regardless of domain, and these may be associated with personality traits that are conducive to flow. In addition, specific environmental factors appear to be of importance for within-individual differences in flow proneness in different domains. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Mosing, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic influences on flow proneness and its relationship to behavioral inhibition andlocus of control
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 42, s. 956-956
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow is a subjective experience of high but effortless attention, loss of self-awareness, control, and enjoyment that can occur during active performance of challenging tasks and has been shown to be associated with personality, specifically with low neuroticism and high conscientiousness. The first study aimed to investigate geneticand non-genetic influences on flow-proneness (FP) in 444 adulttwin-pairs. Our second study further explored the genetic architecture of the relationship between flow-proneness and personality, inparticular behavioral inhibition (BI) and locus of control (LoC) - both highly related to neuroticism and conscientious. All three traits(i.e. FP, BI, and LoC) are influenced by dopaminergic neural systems. Data were collected using an on-line administration of the Swedish Flow Proneness Questionnaire (assessing FP in three majordomains of life: work, maintenance, and leisure), the Adult Measureof Behavioral Inhibition, and the Locus of Control Scale. We found moderate (0.29–0.35) heritabilities for the flow scales. Genetic influences were almost entirely shared for the three flow scales and genetic correlations between the scales were very high (0.81–0.97), suggesting that the same genes influence FP independently of domain. Non-shared environmental influences were largely specific to each flow scale. The relationship between FP and the two personality traits (BI and LoC) was entirely explained by shared genetic influences. However, this shared genetic factor only explained a small part of the genetic influences on BI and LoC. Accordingly, genetic correlations were only moderate ranging between 0.33 and 0.42 with the environmental correlations being close to zero. We conclude that an individual’s general proneness to experience flow is influenced by the same genetic factors regardless of domain, while specific environmental factors appear to be of importance for within-individual differences between domains. The relationship between FP with LoC and BI, respectively, is entirely due to shared genes.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ullén, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Proneness for psychological flow in everyday life : associations with personality and intelligence
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 52:2, s. 167-172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow is an experience of enjoyment, concentration, and low self-awareness that occurs during active task performance. We investigated associations between the tendency to experience flow (flow proneness), Big Five personality traits and intelligence in two samples. We hypothesized a negative relation between flow proneness and neuroticism, since negative affect could interfere with the affective component of flow. Secondly, since sustained attention is a component of flow, we tested whether flow proneness is positively related to intelligence. Sample 1 included 137 individuals who completed tests for flow proneness, intelligence, and Big Five personality. In Sample 2 (all twins; n= 2539), flow proneness and intelligence, but not personality, were measured. As hypothesized, we found a negative correlation between flow proneness and neuroticism in Sample 1. Additional exploratory analyses revealed a positive association between flow proneness and conscientiousness. There was no correlation between flow proneness and intelligence. Although significant for some comparisons, associations between intelligence and flow proneness were also very weak in Sample 2. We conclude that flow proneness is associated with personality rather than intelligence, and discuss that flow may be a state of effortless attention that relies on different mechanisms from those involved in attention during mental effort.
|
|
