| 1. |
- Abbas, Nahlah, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Trends and Long-Range Forecasts of Water Resources of Northeast Iraq and Climate Change Adaptation Measures
- 2018
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Ingår i: Water. - Switzerland : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 10:11, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iraq has been experiencing water resources scarcity, and is vulnerable to climate change. Analysis of historical data revealed that the region is experiencing climate change to a degree higher than generally reported elsewhere. The relationship between climate change and its effect on water resources of a region has been sparsely addressed in published literature. To fill that gap this research work first investigates if there has been a significant change in climate in the region, which has been found to be true. In the next stage, the research projects future climatic scenarios of the region based on six oft-used General CirculationModel (GCM) ensembles, namely CCSM4, CSIRO-Mk3.6.0, GFDL-ESM2M, MEROC5, HadGEM2-ES, and IPSL-CM5A-LR. The relationship between climate change and its impact on water resources is explored through the application of the popular, widely used SWAT model. The model depicts the availability of water resources, classified separately as blue and green waters, for near and distant futures for the region. Some of the findings are foreboding and warrants urgent attention of planners and decision makers. According to model outputs, the region may experience precipitation reduction of about 12.6% and 21% in near (2049–2069) and distant (2080–2099) futures, respectively under RCP8.5. Those figures under RCP4.5 are 15% and 23.4%, respectively and under RCP2.6 are 12.2% and 18.4%, respectively. As a consequence, the blue water may experience decreases of about 22.6% and 40% under RCP8.5, 25.8% and 46% under RCP4.5, and 34.4% and 31% under RCP2.6 during the periods 2049–2069 and 2080–2099, respectively. Green water, by contrast, may reduce by about 10.6% and 19.6% under RCP8.5, by about 14.8% and 19.4% under RCP4.5, and by about 15.8% and 14.2% under RCP2.6 during the periods 2049–2069 and 2080–2099, respectively. The research further investigates how the population are adapting to already changed climates and how they are expected to cope in the future when the shift in climate is expected to be much greater.
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| 2. |
- Abbas, Nahlah, et al.
(författare)
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The Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Basrah City,Iraq : The Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Basrah City,Iraq
- 2020
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Geology. - USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2161-7570 .- 2161-7589. ; 10:12, s. 1189-1197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sea Level Rise (SLR) above the Mean Sea Level (MSL) is more likely to cause a significant risk to the coastal regions. This research explores the potential impact of sea level rise, due to climate change, on coastal areas. It examines the impact of sea level rise on Basrah city and adjacent cities in Iraq. A digital elevation model (DEM) was used to create a model of Potentially Inundated Areas, manipulated and processed in Geographical Information System version 10.7 (ArcGIS 10.7). Through this model, the impact of sea level rise was assessed on the surface area. After the susceptible areas were delineated, it was estimated that at worst case scenario of 5 m sea level rise will impact Basrah city by losing 38 percent of its total surface area.
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| 3. |
- Abbas, Nahla, et al.
(författare)
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Water resources problems of Iraq: Climate change adaptation and mitigation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Hydrology. - : International Association for Environmental Hydrology. - 1058-3912 .- 1996-7918. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iraq is suffering from water scarcity, and future predictions indicate that it could get worse due to changing climate. Arguably, climate change is one of the greatest challenges onfronting this region it could have significant adverse effects on water resources and hence the environment and economy, particularly in the agricultural sector. This study considers possible adaptation and mitigation measures that could be undertaken in response to climate change. To overcome this problem,adaptation measures at farm and government level were conferred. Farm-level adaptation comprises adopting crop modification, soil conservation, irrigation, changing crop calendar and planting of trees. The government role is to ensure success of these adaptation measures. The government should get involved and support the farmers financially and technologically.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ahmed, Nur, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of climate change on rice insect pests and their natural enemies
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rice is one of the important staple foods for half of the world population particularly Asian countries for their livelihood, socio-economic and nutrition. Global warming is predicted to increase frequency of precipitation/rainfall, intensity of drought and solar-radiation/UV-B radiation which might affect the intensity and severity of rice pests in one hand, but also change in other friendly arthropods on the other hand. The present studies discuss the influence of climatic factors (temperature and rainfall) on yellow stem borer (YSB), brown planthopper (BPH), green leafhopper (GLH) and their natural enemies (spider, lady bird beetle, green mirid bug). Light trap and sweep net catches of arthropods from different rice habitats were used in this study. For GLH there is a strong periodicity at 6 months and a somewhat weaker periodicity at 12 months followed by an even weaker periodicity at 3 months, especially valid for both methods of data collection (light trap and sweep-net data). Finally, for GMB there is a strong periodicity at 6 months and a somewhat weaker periodicity at 3 months followed by an even weaker periodicity at 4 months. There is a general increasing trend over the ten years seems to be present in the GLH. This corresponds to that the abundance in 2005 is generally 15 times larger than in January 1996. For LBB, there is an increasing trend of log abundance of LBB over time and shows a strong periodicity at 3 months and a somewhat weaker periodicity at 4 months followed by an even weaker periodicity at about 6 months. For Spider there is a strong periodicity at 2.4 months and a somewhat weaker periodicity at 4 months followed by an even weaker periodicities at about 3 months and 6 months. Results show an increase of maximum temperature of approximately 0.5 to 1°C over 10 years.
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| 6. |
- Ali, Md Panna, et al.
(författare)
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Farmer's behavior in pesticide use : Insights study from smallholder and intensive agricultural farms in Bangladesh
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since independence and over the years, pesticides have become a dominant feature of Bangladesh agriculture. To protect farmers' health, environment and to improve sustainability of chemical pest control quantitative understanding of farmers' behavior in pesticide use is critical. However, study on the levels of knowledge and awareness of farmers and the practices of pesticide use are often limited. We conducted a broad analysis on the effects of knowledge and awareness of farmers as well as the influence of the different associated stakeholders such as pesticide retailers and the government, on farmers' behavior in pesticide use from a detailed survey of 917 agricultural households in different regions of Bangladesh. Within eight protective behaviors (PBs) or PPEs were largely influenced by the crops growers and regions. Never discarding empty pesticide containers in the field, never applying pesticides more than prescribed by DAE or the instruction manual, selecting new types of pesticides recommended by DAE and purchasing low toxicity pesticides were the most adopted practices. Most farmers from the South-East region were adopting the PB of wearing mask, gloves and long sleeved clothes when spraying and farmers from South trusted the recommendations of pesticides by village leaders and neighbors. Majority of vegetables growers were well informed that pesticides were very harmful to the quality of agricultural products, the environment, and human health but not rice or mixed crops growers. Generally, PBs were positively affected by the perception of the consequences of farmers' behavior and knowledge of pesticide use but negatively influenced by action of governments and trust of retailers. It is important to recognize the differences that exist among different crops growers and locations. Attempt needs to bridge the gap among crop growers, locations and different stakeholder such as government agencies and retailers to develop policy.
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| 7. |
- Alrasheedi, Khlood Ghalib, et al.
(författare)
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GIS-based Spatial Accessibility to Islamic Facilities for Muslim Community in the Melbourne Metropolitan Area
- 2020
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Ingår i: Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering. - UK : Scientific Press International Limited. - 1792-9040. ; 10:5, s. 49-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Geographic Information System (GIS) technology has not been widely used in Islamic facilities including mosques, Islamic schools and halal butchers, and is an important issue for the Muslim communities in Melbourne, Australia. This study applied spatial methods to analyze the spatial accessibility to Muslim facilities of the population in Melbourne city. Spatial accessibility is needed because Muslim people believe that they must pray in the mosques, buy halal food and educate their children in Islamic environment. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) identify spatial accessibility by car to the above-mentioned Muslim facilities and (ii) identify disadvantaged Muslim communities and facilities using census data at the fine spatial resolution (i.e. at Mesh Block level). The disadvantaged Muslim commonalities in the Melbourne Metropolitan Area (MMA) were delineated in GIS environment using such techniques as spatial and hot spot analysis, network analysis, mean center and standard distance methods by using ArcGIS 10.3. The spatial accessibility was assessed in terms of travel distance and time, to highlight their differences. This study highlighted the most affected Muslim communities in terms of spatial accessibility, which are located in Hume, Whittlesea, and Melton and Casey suburbs. Furthermore, this study stressed that there is a lack of Mosques and Islamic Schools in the MMA, as approximately 5,000 Muslims do not have proper access to this kind of facilities. The findings of this study could be used by Muslim community when choosing a suburb for their families. Therefore, it is recommended that the urban and regional planners should take the obtained results into consideration to achieve fair and better distribution of Islamic facilities in Melbourne city.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Baby, Sultana Nasrin, et al.
(författare)
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Application of GIS for Mapping Rainwater-Harvesting Potential : Case Study Wollert, Victoria
- 2019
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Ingår i: Engineering. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 11:1, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water is a basic normal asset for supporting the condition of life. Accessible water assets are feeling the squeeze because of expanding demand. Soon wa- ter, which we have epended upon to be accessible and an unconditional present of nature will turn into a rare roduct. Protection and conservation of water assets are desperately required. In many parts of Victoria, water supply to communities is limited. Rainwater harvesting systems can provide water ator near the point of demand. The systems can be owner and utility operated and managed. Rainwater collected using existing structures, i.e. rooftops, parking lots, playgrounds, parks, ponds, floodplains etc., has few negative en- vironmental impacts compared to other technologies for water resources de- velopment. Rainwater is relatively clean and the quality is usually acceptablefor many purposes with little or even no treatment. The physical and chemi- cal properties of rainwater are usually superior to sources of groundwater that may have been subjected to contamination. The present study was intended to measure the rooftop rainwater harvesting potential using GIS techniques. The GIS examination utilized in this investigation was basically an efficient assess- ment of rooftop water collecting in the chose Wollert which is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria. With the use of GIS it was conceivable to appraise the ag- gregate sum of water harvestable at the household level. It is very tedious work to assess the catchments available for rooftop rainwater harvesting. Here the roof surfaces are the catchments and GIS is employed to calculate the area of various types of roofs and their potential for planning for the area under study. As a result Eucalypt Estate Wollert has huge potential and can makeabove 179.11 litres water available per person per day throughout the year.
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| 10. |
- Baby, Sultana Nasrin, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a Spatial Tool for Assessing Coastal Community and Identifying Infrastructure at Risk
- 2021
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Ingår i: Engineering. - China : Scientific Research Publishing Inc. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 13:1, s. 45-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recent trend of sea level shows constant rising. Sea level rise has caused asignificant risk to seaside areas. This study examines the potential effect ofclimate change and rising sea levels on coastal regions and evaluates the susceptibilityof coastal areas in Inverloch, Melbourne Australia. A model ofHypothetically Flooded Zones, based on LiDAR data was built, processed andmanipulated in ArcGIS. Through applying this model, the effect of rising sealevel on the infrastructures such as buildings, dwellings, roads, land use andthe population was assessed. Elevation data sets of varying resolution and accuracyhave been processed to show the improved quality of LiDAR datacontributes to a more precise delineation of flood-prone coastal lands. Afterthe susceptible areas to sea level rise were delineated, the worst-case scenariowas calculated (based on the increase in sea level projected for 2100) and itwould impacts about 0.86% of roads, 221 of different building infrastructures.This method can be used in other areas to protect the coasts due to rapidchanges caused by climate change.
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