| 1. |
- Attar, Rubina, et al.
(författare)
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Major adverse cardiovascular events following acute coronary syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 363, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persons with bipolar disorder (BD) have a higher cardiovascular mortality compared to the general population, partially explained by the increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Research regarding outcomes following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in this population remains scarce. Design: This Danish register-based study included patients diagnosed with BD and ACS in the period between January 1st, 1995, to December 31st, 2013. Study participants were matched 1:2 to patients without BD on sex, date of birth, time of ACS diagnosis and comorbidities. The primary outcome of interest was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) a composite of all-cause mortality, reinfarction or stroke. MACE and its individual components were compared between patients with and without BD. Results: 796 patients with BD were compared to 1592 patients without BD, both groups had a mean age of first ACS of 66.5 years. MACE was 38% increased (HR 1.38 95% CI 1.25–1.54), all-cause mortality was 71% increased (HR 1.71 95% CI 1.52–1.92), stroke was 94% increased (HR 1.94 95% CI 1.56–2.41) and reinfarction rates were 17% lower (HR 0.83 95% CI 0.69–1.00) in the BD population compared to the population without BD. We also found higher prevalences of heart failure (9.1% vs. 6.5%), valve disease (5.3% vs. 3.5%), anemia (8.7% vs. 5.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (13.4% vs. 9.3%) and stroke (11.8% vs. 7.8%) in the population with BD at baseline, all p-values <0.05. Conclusion: Bipolar disorder was associated with a higher risk of composite MACE, all-cause mortality, and stroke, after ACS compared to patients without BD.
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| 2. |
- Attar, Rubina, et al.
(författare)
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Time Trends in the Use of Coronary Procedures, Guideline-Based Therapy, and All-Cause Mortality following the Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cardiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9751 .- 0008-6312. ; 145:7, s. 401-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Schizophrenia is associated with high cardiovascular mortality predominantly as a result of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of this study is to analyze time trends of coronary procedures, guideline-based therapy, and all-cause mortality in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS AND RESULTS: This Danish nationwide register-based study analyzed 734 patients with a baseline diagnosis of schizophrenia and an incident diagnosis of ACS in the period between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2015. The 734 patients with schizophrenia were matched to 2,202 psychiatric healthy controls (PHC). No change over time was seen in the relative difference between the population with schizophrenia and the PHC in the use of coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary bypass grafting, nor in 1-year mortality or guideline-based therapy following ACS. Patients with schizophrenia had higher prevalence rates of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke, and a lower prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The gap in the use of coronary procedures, guideline-based therapy, and all-cause mortality following ACS in patients with schizophrenia compared to those without has remained constant over the past 2 decades.
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| 3. |
- Gadegaard, Ane Riis, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopy and picosecond dynamics of aqueous NO2
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 141:6, s. 064310-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the formation of aqueous nitrogen dioxide, NO2 formed through femtosecond photolysis of nitrate, NO3- ( aq) and nitromethane CH3NO2(aq). Common to the experiments is the observation of a strong induced absorption at 1610 +/- 10 cm(-1), assigned to the asymmetric stretch vibration in the ground state of NO2. This assignment is substantiated through isotope experiments substituting N-14 by N-15, experiments at different pH values, and by theoretical calculations and simulations of NO2-D2O clusters.
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| 4. |
- Madeleine, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the degree of motor variability associated with experimental and chronic neck-shoulder pain during a standardised repetitive arm movement
- 2008
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 185:4, s. 689-698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of experimental and chronic neck-shoulder pain on the magnitude of cycle-to-cycle variability of task timing, kinematics and muscle activation during repetitive arm movement performed for 3 or 5 min. In an experimental part, acute muscle pain was induced in healthy subjects by intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline in trapezius (n = 10) and infraspinatus (n = 10) muscles. In a clinical part, workers with (n = 12) and without (n = 6) chronic neck-shoulder pain were compared. Cycle-to-cycle standard deviations of task duration, arm and trunk movement in 3D and surface electromyographic (EMG) root mean square activity were computed to assess the degree of variability. The variability in task timing increased in presence of both experimental and chronic pain (P < 0.05) compared with non-painful conditions. Experimental pain increased the variability of the starting position of the arm (P < 0.05), the arm range of motion (P < 0.01), the arm and trunk movement area (P < 0.01) and the acceleration of the arm (P < 0.01). In the chronic pain condition, the variability of arm and trunk acceleration (P < 0.01) and EMG activity (P < 0.05) was decreased compared with healthy controls. These results indicate that pain alters the magnitude of motor variability, and that the transition from acute to chronic pain is accompanied by changes in motor patterns. Experimental pain likely resulted in a quest for a motor solution reducing nociceptive influx, while chronic pain was characterised by a diminished motor flexibility.
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| 5. |
- Palkopoulou, Eleftheria, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 115:11, s. E2566-E2574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elephantids are the world's most iconic megafaunal family, yet there is no comprehensive genomic assessment of their relationships. We report a total of 14 genomes, including 2 from the American mastodon, which is an extinct elephantid relative, and 12 spanning all three extant and three extinct elephantid species including an similar to 120,000-y-old straight-tusked elephant, a Columbian mammoth, and woolly mammoths. Earlier genetic studies modeled elephantid evolution via simple bifurcating trees, but here we show that interspecies hybridization has been a recurrent feature of elephantid evolution. We found that the genetic makeup of the straight-tusked elephant, previously placed as a sister group to African forest elephants based on lower coverage data, in fact comprises three major components. Most of the straight-tusked elephant's ancestry derives from a lineage related to the ancestor of African elephants while its remaining ancestry consists of a large contribution from a lineage related to forest elephants and another related to mammoths. Columbian and woolly mammoths also showed evidence of interbreeding, likely following a latitudinal cline across North America. While hybridization events have shaped elephantid history in profound ways, isolation also appears to have played an important role. Our data reveal nearly complete isolation between the ancestors of the African forest and savanna elephants for similar to 500,000 y, providing compelling justification for the conservation of forest and savanna elephants as separate species.
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| 6. |
- Philipsen, Line, et al.
(författare)
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Time trends of coronary procedures, guideline-based drugs and all-cause mortality following acute coronary syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 77:3, s. 304-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study analyzed time trends in the use of coronary procedures, guideline-based drugs, and 1-year all-cause and presumed cardiovascular mortality (CV) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with and without bipolar disorder (BD). Method: Using Danish registries 497 patients with ACS and BD in the period 1996–2016 were matched 1:2 on age, sex and year of ACS to patients without preexisting psychiatric disease. Results: Patients with BD and ACS received fewer coronary angiography (CAG) compared to psychiatric healthy controls (PHC). However, the difference between the populations decreased over time. For percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass (CABG) no differences in trend over time were found. In general patients with BD redeemed fewer prescriptions of guideline-based tertiary prophylactic drugs compared to PHCs. The difference remains constant over time for all drugs except for acetylsalicylic acid, lipid-lowering drugs and beta blockers, where the difference decreased. The 1-year all-cause mortality gap and the presumed CV mortality gap remained unchanged. Conclusion: Despite improvements in treatment disparities regarding CAG, acetylsalicylic acid, lipid-lowering drugs and beta-blockers, the treatment gap remained unchanged concerning PCI and CABG. Likewise, patients with BD experienced a lower rate of the remaining redeemed prescriptions. The overall crude mortality risk ratio for patients with BD experiencing ACS remained unchanged over the study period compared to PHC.
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| 7. |
- Polcwiartek, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Association between ecg abnormalities and fatal cardiovascular disease among patients with and without severe mental illness
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 10:2, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: ECG abnormalities are associated with adverse outcomes in the general population, but their prognostic significance in severe mental illness (SMI) remains unexplored. We investigated associations between no, minor, and major ECG abnormalities and fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with SMI compared with controls without mental illness. METHODS AND RESULTS: We cross-linked data from Danish nationwide registries and included primary care patients with digital ECGs from 2001 to 2015. Patients had SMI if they were diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or severe depression before ECG recording. Controls were required to be without any prior mental illness or psychotropic medication use. Fatal CVD was assessed using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs and standardized 10-year absolute risks. Of 346 552 patients, 10 028 had SMI (3%; median age, 54 years; male, 45%), and 336 524 were controls (97%; median age, 56 years; male, 48%). We observed an interaction between SMI and ECG abnormalities on fatal CVD (P<0.001). Severe mental illness was associated with fatal CVD across no (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.95–2.43), minor (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.49–2.42), and major (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.26–1.55) ECG abnormalities compared with controls. Across age-and sex-specific subgroups, SMI patients with ECG abnormalities but no CVD at baseline had highest standardized 10-year absolute risks of fatal CVD. CONCLUSIONS: ECG abnormalities conferred a poorer prognosis among patients with SMI compared with controls without mental illness. SMI patients with ECG abnormalities but no CVD represent a high-risk population that may benefit from greater surveillance and risk management.
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| 8. |
- Sjoe, Nina Madsen, et al.
(författare)
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Short Danish Version of the Tools for Early Assessment in Math (TEAM) for 3–6-Year-Olds
- 2019
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Ingår i: Early Education and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-9289 .- 1556-6935. ; 30:2, s. 238-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sound assessment tools are needed to evaluate effects of mathematics interventions that familiarize children with early mathematics concepts before they enter the formal school system. We developed a short version of an existing early mathematics tool based on analyses of data collected in a nationally representative Danish sample. Research findings: The Danish adaptation and development process of the Tools for Early Assessment in Math (TEAM) for children aged 3−6 years was carried out in four steps: (a) choosing and translating relevant items, (b) conducting a pilot study, (c) testing items in a representative sample of Danish children aged 3−6 years (n = 5,621), and (d) analyses based on Rasch models. The process resulted in a final 19-item version—the DK-TEAM (final)—that has no differential item functioning relative to age and gender and is sensitive to the full range of abilities. The great majority of the children viewed the test as enjoyable. Practice or Policy: The DK-TEAM (final) appears to be broadly applicable for young Danish children, though the modest reliability at 3 years (which may be remediable by adding easy items) should be kept in mind.
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| 9. |
- Wohlfarth, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Quaternary of Norden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Episodes. - 0705-3797. ; 31:1, s. 73-81
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nordic countries have experienced multiple glaciations and intervening interglacials during the last ca. 2.5-3 million years. Although evidence from Greenland and Iceland shows that ice sheets started to expand some time before 3 Ma, little is known about the glaciations and intervening interglacials older than the last Glacial Maximum due to repeated phases of glacial erosion and reworking. The extensive Saalian glaciation (c. 140 ka BP) contributed to high sea levels in Greenland and in the Baltic area during the early part of the last interglacial (Eemian). Temperatures were about 5 C higher during the Eemian than they are today and the Greenland ice sheet was reduced to about half of its present size, causing globally higher sea levels than we have today. Ice extent in Fennoscandia was restricted during early Weichselian stadials, but middle Weichselian ice advances in Scandinavia reached as far as Denmark. During the Last Glacial Maximum, large ice sheets were present in all Nordic countries and coalesced with neighboring ice sheets. Deglaciation commenced around 17-15 ka BP in most areas and was promoted by rapidly rising global sea level and glacial isostasy. The Younger Dryas cold event(c. 12.6-11.5 ka BP) is seen as a short-term re-advance, still-stand or fluctuation of land-based ice sheet margins. Around 7-9 ka BP ice sheets had disappeared or had attained their present size. While uplift is still going on in some regions, others are subject to submergence. The different stages of development of the Baltic Sea are an example of how the intricate interplay between glacial eustasy and isostasy influences sedimentation, basin size and drainage patterns.
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