| 1. |
- Adbo, Karina, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Moving beyond the language–Visualizing chemical concepts through one’s own creative expression
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2504-284X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore university students’ interpretations of chemical content in the form of physical constructions of atomic nuclei. Playdough was chosen as the means for expression, since it provided the students with the task of choosing the number, form, size, shape, and distance of particles. Data was collected in the form of photographs, written explanations as well as ad hoc notes. Data from 64 students was analyzed using the three levels of analysis as presented by Hedegaard and framed within the theories of models. Results show that students’ choices gave rise to 34 variations of the atomic nuclei. The analysis provided two different categories: models with close resemblance to the teaching model and models with less resemblance to the teaching model. Results show the limitations of verbal and written communication and add to the discussion concerning students’ interpretations of the multitude of atomic models used in teaching. The method was indeed a beneficial tool both for students, who could explore the composition of atomic nuclei and isotopes, and for teachers, who could connect their teaching to students’ interpretations of scientific content since the method brings a new level of detail to discussions. Copyright © 2022 Adbo and AAkesson-Nilsson.
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| 2. |
- Borrie, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of stressful events during childhood on adult labour market outcome
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines if stressful events during childhood impact the labour market position in adulthood within the Swedish 1973 birth cohort. Empirical analyses are based on individual, longitudinal register data from the ASTRID database covering the total Swedish population between 1960-2008. We will analyze the different ways in which three specific events; parental separation, death of parent(s) and/or frequent migration, affect labour market outcome in an OLS-regression, controlling for family background characteristics. These events can occur in isola- tion or they can be interrelated. It is of importance to examine the effect of one single event as well as the accumulated effect of several events. The 1973 cohort makes an interesting case, since they both have experienced change in the nuclear family system during their childhood, and a period of recession and youth unemployment as well as cutbacks in social policy programmes during their age of labour market entrance. Our study thus focuses on how stressful events in childhood affect children’s life courses in turbulent times.
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| 3. |
- Bortes, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between children’s diagnosed mental disorders and educational achievements in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 50:8, s. 1140-1147
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: To examine associations between multiple clinically diagnosed mental disorders among children in Sweden and educational achievements at the end of ninth grade.Methods: Data from Swedish administrative registers were utilised. Diagnoses of specific mental disorders (unipolar depression, mood, anxiety, obsessive compulsive, eating, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were used as exposure variables. Educational achievements were assessed in terms of teacher-assigned school grades and eligibility for upper secondary education. The sample comprised 266,664 individuals (49% females) born in 2000 to 2002 who were alive and resident in Sweden in 2017. Exposed and unexposed individuals were compared in terms of outcome variables by fitting linear and logistic regression models.Results: The results revealed negative associations between all the examined mental disorders and educational achievements, except for positive associations between eating disorders and grades among female students. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most strongly associated disorder in terms of non-successful completion of compulsory education, among both male and female students (odds ratio (OR): 3.58 (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.42 to 3.74) and 4.31 (95% CI, 4.07 to 4.57), respectively). This was followed by unipolar depression among males (OR: 2.92 (95% CI, 2.60 to 3.28)) and anxiety disorder among females (OR: 2.68 (95% CI, 2.49 to 2.88)). Obsessive compulsive disorder had the weakest negative association with educational achievements among both males (OR: 1.48 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.17)) and females (OR: 1.38 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.72)).Conclusions: Specific diagnosed mental disorders have varying, largely disadvantageous, associations with educational achievements of students in Sweden that differ between males and females.
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| 4. |
- Bortes, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Health problems during childhood and school achievement : Exploring associations between hospitalization exposures, gender, timing, and compulsory school grades
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Fransisco, CA, USA : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:12, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To investigate while accounting for health at birth 1) associations between health problems during childhood, measured as hospitalizations, and school achievement in the final year of compulsory school, measured as overall grade points and eligibility for upper secondary education, 2) if and how gender moderates the association between health problems and school achievement, 3) if and how the timing of a health problem during childhood is associated with later school achievement. Methods Analyzes were performed on a population-based cohort (n = 115 196) born in 1990 in Sweden (51.3% boys, 48.7% girls) using data from several national registries. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyze associations between study variables. Results Overall grade points and eligibility for continuation to upper secondary school were lower for individuals exposed to hospitalizations. Only the association between hospitalizations and overall grade points was moderated by gender and only for ages 13-16 years. Exposure close to actual grading had worst outcomes. Conclusions Health problems, measured through hospitalizations, was significantly associated with lower school achievements among Swedish children. Girls exposed to health problems requiring hospitalizations had relatively poorer school achievements as compared to boys. Health problems requiring hospitalization during junior high school had the greatest negative association with final achievement at compulsory school.
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| 5. |
- Bortes, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Is the effect of ill health on school achievement among Swedish adolescents gendered?
- 2019
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Ingår i: SSM - Population Health. - : Elsevier. - 2352-8273. ; 8, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates why the relationship between health problems requiring hospitalization between the ages of 13 and 16 and school achievement (school grades in 9th grade) in Sweden was stronger for girls than for boys. We reviewed previous research on gender differences in subjective health, health care utilization and medical drug treatment to identify mechanisms responsible for this gendered effect. The relationship was analysed using retrospective observational data from several national full-population registers of individuals born in 1990 in Sweden (n = 115 196), and ordinary least squares techniques were used to test hypotheses. We found that girls had longer stays when hospitalized, which mediated 15% of the interaction effect. Variability in drug treatment between boys and girls did not explain the gendered effect of hospitalization. The main mediator of the gendered effect was instead differences in diagnoses between boys and girls. Girls’ hospitalizations were more commonly related to mental and behavioural diagnoses, which have particularly detrimental effects on school achievement. © 2019 The Authors
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| 6. |
- Bortes, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Parental Illness and Young People's Education
- 2020
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Ingår i: Child Indicators Research. - : Springer. - 1874-897X .- 1874-8988. ; 13:6, s. 2069-2091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of parental health problems on the probability of youths leaving upper secondary education before completion in Sweden, and to investigate potential gender differences in these effects. Medical and social microdata from Swedish administrative registers were used. The study population consisted of individuals born between 1987 and 1990 (N = 398,748) who were still alive and residing in Sweden in 2010. We employed a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study design. Logistic regression was used to analyse the relationships between indicators of parental illness and young people's early school leaving in relation to health and sociodemographic confounders. Having had a mother or father with psychiatric, but not somatic, illness that necessitated hospitalisation after completing compulsory schooling was significantly associated with an increased probability of leaving upper secondary education. We found no significant gender-specific interaction effects. The existence of these effects in Sweden, a country with an extensive institutional welfare system, suggests that similar but more pronounced effects may exist in regions lacking such systems.
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| 7. |
- Bortes, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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Sibling Ill Health and Children's Educational Outcomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of School Health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-4391 .- 1746-1561. ; 90:5, s. 407-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND The presence of health problems in a child is known to be negatively associated with later academic achievement, but less is known about the educational outcomes for siblings of children in poor health. The study investigated how having a sibling with health problems affects a healthy sibling's academic achievement. METHODS We utilized medical and social microdata from Swedish administrative population registers. Our sample consisted of N = 115,106 individuals (51.3% boys) born in 1990 in Sweden. We compared children with ill siblings to children whose siblings did not have poor health. Siblings' hospital admissions and the academic achievements of the healthy sibling during their final year of compulsory education (at the age of 15-16) were analyzed using linear and logistic regression in relation to individual health- and family-related confounders. RESULTS Sibling hospitalization was significantly associated with lower overall grade points (beta = -10.73, p < .001) and an increased odds ratio (OR) of ineligibility for upper secondary education (OR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval = 1.31-1.52, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS School and health personnel should also consider the needs of healthy siblings during their work with children in poor health, because they too can be disadvantaged.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Chaparro, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Regional inequalities in pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in Sweden, 1992, 2000, and 2010
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43:5, s. 534-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate regional differences and time trends in women's overweight and obesity in Sweden. Methods: Using data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register (women aged 18 years, first pregnancy only) and the Total Population Register accessed through the Umea SIMSAM Lab, age-standardized prevalence of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (BMI 25 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI 30 kg/m(2)) were estimated by county for the years 1992, 2000, and 2010. Maps were created using ArcMap v10.2.2 to display regional variations over time and logistic regression analyses were used to assess if the observed trends were significant. Results: The prevalence of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and obesity increased significantly in all Swedish counties between 1992, and 2010. In 2010, Sodermanland and Gotland exhibited the highest age-standardized overweight/obesity (39.7%) and obesity (15.1%) prevalence, respectively. The sharpest increases between 1992 and 2010 were observed in Vasterbotten for overweight/obesity (75% increase) and in Gotland for obesity (233% increase). Across the years, Stockholm had the lowest prevalence of overweight/obesity (26.3% in 2010) and obesity (7.3% in 2010) and one of the least steep increases in prevalence of both between 1992 and 2010. Conclusions: Substantial regional differences in pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity prevalence are apparent in Sweden. Further research should elucidate the mechanisms causing these differences.
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| 10. |
- Faijerson, Jonas, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Reactive astrogliosis induces astrocytic differentiation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of neuroscience research. - : Wiley. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 84:7, s. 1415-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neural stem cells reside in defined areas of the adult mammalian brain, including the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Rat neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) isolated from this region retain their multipotency in vitro and in vivo after grafting into the adult brain. Recent studies have shown that endogenous or grafted NSPCs are activated after an injury and migrate toward lesioned areas. In these areas, reactive astrocytes are present and secrete numerous molecules and growth factors; however, it is not currently known whether reactive astrocytes can influence the lineage selection of NSPCs. We investigated whether reactive astrocytes could affect the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of adult NSPCs by modelling astrogliosis in vitro, using mechanical lesion of primary astrocytes. Initially, it was found that conditioned medium from lesioned astrocytes induced astrocytic differentiation of NSPCs without affecting neuronal or oligodendrocytic differentiation. In addition, NSPCs in coculture with lesioned astrocytes also displayed increased astrocytic differentiation and some of these NSPC-derived astrocytes participated in glial scar formation in vitro. When proliferation and survival of NSPCs were analyzed, no differential effects were observed between lesioned and nonlesioned astrocytes. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the astrocyte-inducing activity, the expression of two potent inducers of astroglial differentiation, ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor, was analyzed by Western blot and shown to be up-regulated in conditioned medium from lesioned astrocytes. These results demonstrate that lesioned astrocytes can induce astroglial differentiation of NSPCs and provide a mechanism for astroglial differentiation of these cells following brain injury.
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