| 1. |
- Wall, Rebecca, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolic activity of the enteric microbiota influences the fatty acid composition of murine and porcine liver and adipose tissues
- 2009
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethesda, USA : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 89:5, s. 1393-1401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent reports suggest that the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and hepatic steatosis.Objective: The objective was to determine whether the fat composition of host tissues might be influenced by oral administration of commensal bifidobacteria previously shown by us to produce bioactive isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).Design: Murine trials were conducted in which linoleic acid-supplemented diets were fed with or without Bifidobacterium breve NCIMB 702258 (daily dose of 10(9) microorganisms) to healthy BALB/c mice and to severe combined immunodeficient mice for 8-10 wk. To ensure that the observations were not peculiar to mice, a similar trial was conducted in weanling pigs over 21 d. Tissue fatty acid composition was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography.Results: In comparison with controls, there was an increase in cis-9, trans-11 CLA in the livers of the mice and pigs after feeding with linoleic acid in combination with B. breve NCIMB 702258 (P < 0.05). In addition, an altered profile of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition was observed, including higher concentrations of the omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in adipose tissue (P < 0.05). These changes were associated with reductions in the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma (P < 0.05).Conclusions: These results are consistent with the concept that the metabolome is a composite of host and microbe metabolic activity and that the influence of the microbiota on host fatty acid composition can be manipulated by oral administration of CLA-producing microorganisms.
|
|
| 2. |
- Agache, Ioana, et al.
(författare)
-
Prioritizing research challenges and funding for allergy and asthma and the need for translational research—The European Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 74:11, s. 2064-2076
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) organized the first European Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases and Asthma. The main aim was to bring together all relevant stakeholders and decision-makers in the field of allergy, asthma and clinical Immunology around an open debate on contemporary challenges and potential solutions for the next decade. The Strategic Forum was an upscaling of the EAACI White Paper aiming to integrate the Academy's output with the perspective offered by EAACI's partners. This collaboration is fundamental for adapting and integrating allergy and asthma care into the context of real-world problems. The Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases brought together all partners who have the drive and the influence to make positive change: national and international societies, patients’ organizations, regulatory bodies and industry representatives. An open debate with a special focus on drug development and biomedical engineering, big data and information technology and allergic diseases and asthma in the context of environmental health concluded that connecting science with the transformation of care and a joint agreement between all partners on priorities and needs are essential to ensure a better management of allergic diseases and asthma in the advent of precision medicine together with global access to innovative and affordable diagnostics and therapeutics.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ambikan, Anoop T., et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-omics personalized network analyses highlight progressive disruption of central metabolism associated with COVID-19 severity
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Cell systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4712 .- 2405-4720. ; 13:8, s. 665-681
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical outcome and disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are heterogeneous, and the progression or fatality of the disease cannot be explained by a single factor like age or comorbidities. In this study, we used system-wide network-based system biology analysis using whole blood RNA sequencing, immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, plasma metabolomics, and single-cell-type metabolo-mics of monocytes to identify the potential determinants of COVID-19 severity at personalized and group levels. Digital cell quantification and immunophenotyping of the mononuclear phagocytes indicated a sub-stantial role in coordinating the immune cells that mediate COVID-19 severity. Stratum-specific and person-alized genome-scale metabolic modeling indicated monocarboxylate transporter family genes (e.g., SLC16A6), nucleoside transporter genes (e.g., SLC29A1), and metabolites such as a-ketoglutarate, succi-nate, malate, and butyrate could play a crucial role in COVID-19 severity. Metabolic perturbations targeting the central metabolic pathway (TCA cycle) can be an alternate treatment strategy in severe COVID-19.
|
|
| 4. |
- Breiteneder, Heimo, et al.
(författare)
-
Biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of therapy responses in allergic diseases and asthma
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 75:12, s. 3039-3068
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern health care requires a proactive and individualized response to diseases, combining precision diagnosis and personalized treatment. Accordingly, the approach to patients with allergic diseases encompasses novel developments in the area of personalized medicine, disease phenotyping and endotyping, and the development and application of reliable biomarkers. A detailed clinical history and physical examination followed by the detection of IgE immunoreactivity against specific allergens still represents the state of the art. However, nowadays, further emphasis focuses on the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic standards and a large number of studies have been investigating the biomarkers of allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, urticaria and anaphylaxis. Various biomarkers have been developed by omics technologies, some of which lead to a better classification of distinct phenotypes or endotypes. The introduction of biologicals to clinical practice increases the need for biomarkers for patient selection, prediction of outcomes and monitoring, to allow for an adequate choice of the duration of these costly and long-lasting therapies. Escalating healthcare costs together with questions about the efficacy of the current management of allergic diseases require further development of a biomarker-driven approach. Here, we review biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, viral infections, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergy, drug hypersensitivity and allergen immunotherapy with a special emphasis on specific IgE, the microbiome and the epithelial barrier. In addition, EAACI guidelines on biologicals are discussed within the perspective of biomarkers.
|
|
| 5. |
- Forsberg, Anna, 1985-
(författare)
-
Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and infancy in allergy prevention studies
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The incidence of allergic diseases is increasing, possibly due to a reduced intensity and diversity of microbial stimulation. More knowledge is needed on the immunological mechanisms underlying the eczema preventive effect of pre- and postnatal probiotic supplementation. The pregnancy period seems to be of essential importance, since both epidemiological and experimental animal studies show the importance of microbial exposure during gestation on allergy prevention.We have performed a study where the probiotic lactic acid producing bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri was supplemented to pregnant women, at risk of having an allergic infant. The pregnant mothers received the study product from gestational week 36 until delivery, and the infants then continued with the same product until one year of age. The probiotic, as compared with placebo, supplemented infants had less IgE-associated eczema at two years of age.In order to investigate how the supplementation affected the immune system peripheral blood was collected and immune cells were stimulated with common allergens and TLR ligands. The probiotic treated group responded with a more regulated response to allergens and TLR2 ligands in comparison to the placebo supplemented group. We also investigated how the probiotic supplementation affected the epigenetic methylation pattern in circulating T helper cells during infancy, observing the most pronounced effects at birth.In a follow up study, supplementation was started earlier to possibly gain a stronger allergy preventive effect via changes in maternal immune regulation. Supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri and ω-3 fatty acids started at gestational week 20 and throughout pregnancy. After 20 weeks of supplementation, some immunomodulatory effects among circulating activated regulatory T cells and a subpopulation of monocytes were noted. Several systemic immune modifying effects of pregnancy were observed.In summary, probiotics show several immunomodulatory effects in infants and pregnant women. However, more research is needed to better understand the effects of the probiotic supplementation to aid future identification of more efficacious allergy preventive strategies.
|
|
| 6. |
- Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G, et al.
(författare)
-
Research needs in allergy: an EAACI position paper, in collaboration with EFA.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Clinical and translational allergy. - : Wiley. - 2045-7022. ; 2:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: In less than half a century, allergy, originally perceived as a rare disease, has become a major public health threat, today affecting the lives of more than 60 million people in Europe, and probably close to one billion worldwide, thereby heavily impacting the budgets of public health systems. More disturbingly, its prevalence and impact are on the rise, a development that has been associated with environmental and lifestyle changes accompanying the continuous process of urbanization and globalization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prioritize and concert research efforts in the field of allergy, in order to achieve sustainable results on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this most prevalent chronic disease of the 21st century.The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is the leading professional organization in the field of allergy, promoting excellence in clinical care, education, training and basic and translational research, all with the ultimate goal of improving the health of allergic patients. The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA) is a non-profit network of allergy, asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) patients' organizations. In support of their missions, the present EAACI Position Paper, in collaboration with EFA, highlights the most important research needs in the field of allergy to serve as key recommendations for future research funding at the national and European levels.Although allergies may involve almost every organ of the body and an array of diverse external factors act as triggers, there are several common themes that need to be prioritized in research efforts. As in many other chronic diseases, effective prevention, curative treatment and accurate, rapid diagnosis represent major unmet needs. Detailed phenotyping/endotyping stands out as widely required in order to arrange or re-categorize clinical syndromes into more coherent, uniform and treatment-responsive groups. Research efforts to unveil the basic pathophysiologic pathways and mechanisms, thus leading to the comprehension and resolution of the pathophysiologic complexity of allergies will allow for the design of novel patient-oriented diagnostic and treatment protocols. Several allergic diseases require well-controlled epidemiological description and surveillance, using disease registries, pharmacoeconomic evaluation, as well as large biobanks. Additionally, there is a need for extensive studies to bring promising new biotechnological innovations, such as biological agents, vaccines of modified allergen molecules and engineered components for allergy diagnosis, closer to clinical practice. Finally, particular attention should be paid to the difficult-to-manage, precarious and costly severe disease forms and/or exacerbations. Nonetheless, currently arising treatments, mainly in the fields of immunotherapy and biologicals, hold great promise for targeted and causal management of allergic conditions. Active involvement of all stakeholders, including Patient Organizations and policy makers are necessary to achieve the aims emphasized herein.
|
|
| 7. |
- Riggioni, Carmen, et al.
(författare)
-
A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 75:10, s. 2503-2541
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed into a pandemic. To date, it has resulted in ~9 million confirmed cases and caused almost 500 000 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID-19 pandemic is the gravest health and socioeconomic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence-based medical advice on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self-limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID-19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a “cytokine storm” leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thromboembolic complications, and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID-19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID-19–related topics should be based on more coordinated high-quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development, and epidemiology. A total of 150 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID-19 and allergic disease.
|
|
| 8. |
- Rosberg-Cody, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Recombinant lactobacilli expressing linoleic acid isomerase can modulate the fatty acid composition of host adipose tissue in mice
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Microbiology. - Berks, United Kingdom : Society for General Microbiology. - 1350-0872 .- 1465-2080. ; 157:2, s. 609-615
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously demonstrated that oral administration of a metabolically active Bifidobacterium breve strain, with ability to form cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), resulted in modulation of the fatty acid composition of the host, including significantly elevated concentrations of c9, t11 CLA and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated whether a recombinant lactobacillus expressing linoleic acid isomerase (responsible for production of t10, c12 CLA) from Propionibacterium acnes (PAI) could influence the fatty acid composition of different tissues in a mouse model. Linoleic-acid-supplemented diets (2 %, w/w) were fed in combination with either a recombinant t10, c12 CLA-producing Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (Lb338), or an isogenic (vector-containing) control strain, to BALB/c mice for 8 weeks. A third group of mice received linoleic acid alone (2 %, w/w). Tissue fatty acid composition was assessed by GLC at the end of the trial. Ingestion of the strain expressing linoleic acid isomerase was associated with a 4-fold increase (P<0.001) in t10, c12 CLA in adipose tissues of the mice when compared with mice that received the isogenic non-CLA-producing strain. The livers of the mice that received the recombinant CLA-producing Lb338 also contained a 2.5-fold (albeit not significantly) higher concentration of t10, c12 CLA, compared to the control group. These data demonstrate that a single gene (encoding linoleic acid isomerase) expressed in an intestinal microbe can influence the fatty acid composition of host fat.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sampath, Vanitha, et al.
(författare)
-
Vaccines and allergic reactions : The past, the current COVID-19 pandemic, and future perspectives
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 76:6, s. 1640-1660
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vaccines are essential public health tools with a favorable safety profile and prophylactic effectiveness that have historically played significant roles in reducing infectious disease burden in populations, when the majority of individuals are vaccinated. The COVID-19 vaccines are expected to have similar positive impacts on health across the globe. While serious allergic reactions to vaccines are rare, their underlying mechanisms and implications for clinical management should be considered to provide individuals with the safest care possible. In this review, we provide an overview of different types of allergic adverse reactions that can potentially occur after vaccination and individual vaccine components capable of causing the allergic adverse reactions. We present the incidence of allergic adverse reactions during clinical studies and through post-authorization and post-marketing surveillance and provide plausible causes of these reactions based on potential allergenic components present in several common vaccines. Additionally, we review implications for individual diagnosis and management and vaccine manufacturing overall. Finally, we suggest areas for future research.
|
|
| 10. |
- Venter, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
EAACI Position Paper: Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Asthma, Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 74:8, s. 1429-44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy and atopic dermatitis has increased dramatically during the last decades, which is associated with altered environmental exposures and lifestyle practices. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential role for dietary fatty acids, in the prevention and management of these disorders. In addition to their nutritive value, fatty acids have important immunoregulatory effects. Fatty acid-associated biological mechanisms, human epidemiology and intervention studies are summarized in this review. The influence of genetics and the microbiome on fatty acid metabolism is also discussed. Despite critical gaps in our current knowledge, it is increasingly apparent that dietary intake of fatty acids may influence the development of inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses. However, the lack of standardized formats (i.e. food versus supplement), standardized doses and frequently a lack of pre-study serum fatty acid level assessments in clinical studies significantly limit our ability to compare allergy outcomes across studies and to provide clear recommendations at this time. Future studies must address these limitations and individualized medical approaches should consider the inclusion of specific dietary factors for the prevention and management of asthma, food allergy and atopic dermatitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
