| 1. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim, et al.
(författare)
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Dural ectasia in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: quantitative assessment on magnetic resonance imaging.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Spine Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; Apr 7, s. 754-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To our knowledge, the assessment of dural sac diameters in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is not reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to find out if, dural ectasia occurs more frequently among patients with AIS, to define cut-off values for dural sac ratio and test the validity of such values. A total of 126 spine MRIs (79 patients with AIS and 47 control subjects) were included in this retrospective analysis (age range 7-25 years, 62% were females). Dural sac diameter (DSD) and vertebral body diameter (VBD) were estimated and dural sac ratio (DSR = DSD/VBD) was calculated at T5 and L3. DSR at T5 and L3 were 0.69 +/- 0.12, and 0.52 +/- 0.10, respectively, in patients with AIS compared with 0.62 +/- 0.11, and 0.44 +/- 0.07, respectively, in controls (P = 0.001 at T5 and <0.001 at L3). Our estimated cut-off values for DSR were 0.84 and 0.58 at T5 and L3, respectively. This resulted in 100% sensitivity compared with 74% when using the cut-off values proposed by Oosterhof et al. No statistically significant association was found between the occurrence of dural sac enlargement in patients with AIS and the severity of scoliotic deformity, the apical vertebral rotation, epidural fat thickness, occurrence of pain, neurological deficit, atypical scoliosis or rapid curve progression. Females were affected more frequently than males. As dural sac enlargement means thinning of the pedicles, we believe that the findings of this study have important clinical implications on the preoperative workup of AIS.
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| 2. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim, et al.
(författare)
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Interobserver and intraobserver agreement in the evaluation of CT perfusion in ischemic stroke
- 2009
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Ingår i: Functional Neurology. - 0393-5264. ; 24:3, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of interrater reliability in the evaluation of perfusion computed tomography (CTP) studies is very limited even though the method is widely used in the workup of acute stroke. The aims of this study were to estimate the inter- and intraolbserver agreement in the evaluation of CTP data and to evaluate the feasibility of the method. The CTP data of 20 consecutive patients (50% were females) aged 68 +/- 11 years with different categories of acute ischemic stroke were included in this retrospective analysis. Perfusion studies were evaluated independently by six radiologists on two different occasions. The overall inter- and intraolbserver agreement was substantial, showing a K value of 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.39-0.91). The time required for the post-processing and interpretation ranged from 37 to 460 seconds. Evaluation of manually post-processed CTP data according to the maximum slope model appears to be reliable. Experience and also a short training period increase the reliability of the method and reduce the time needed for delivery of the results to the treating clinician.
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| 3. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) in the perioperative workup of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 19, s. 610-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aims were to estimate the radiation dose in patients examined with low dose spine CT and to compare it with that received by patients undergoing standard CT for trauma of the same region, as well as to evaluate the impact of dose reduction on image quality. Radiation doses in 113 consecutive low dose spine CTs were compared with those in 127 CTs for trauma. The inter- and intraobserver agreement in measurements of pedicular width, and vertebral rotation, measurements of signal-to-noise ratio and assessment of hardware status were the indicators in the evaluation of image quality. The effective dose of the low dose spine CT (0.37 mSv) was 20 times lower than that of a standard CT for trauma (13.09 mSv). This dose reduction conveyed no impact on image quality. This low dose spine CT protocol allows detailed evaluation that is necessary for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Abul-Kasim, Kasim, et al.
(författare)
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Tonsillar ectopia in idiopathic scoliosis: does it play a role in the pathogenesis and prognosis or is it only an incidental finding?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scoliosis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-7161. ; 4, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing controversy about the significance of tonsillar ectopia among patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). AIM: To find out if tonsillar ectopia occurs more frequently among patients with IS and if it plays any etiological or prognostic role in IS. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 155 consecutive spine MRIs (79 patients with IS and 76 controls; aged 7-25 years; 55% were female) with regard to the position of the cerebellar tonsils in relation to foramen magnum and the sagittal diameter of foramen magnum. All images were evaluated independently by two neuroradiologists. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability analysis was performed by calculation of kappa-value, intraclass correlation coefficient, and systematic and random errors. The occurrence of tonsillar ectopia among patients with IS and controls was estimated and the association of tonsillar ectopia with different predictors has been tested. Statistical significance was set to P
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Iida, T., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of brain and muscle activity during low-level tooth clenching - a feasibility study with a novel biting device
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 0305-182X .- 1365-2842. ; 41:2, s. 93-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In electromyographic (EMG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, muscle and brain activity was compared during low levels of tooth clenching using a novel biting device to control bite force. A total of 21 healthy subjects performed motor tasks, comprising tooth clenching at 5, 10 and 20N. During all measurements, subjects kept the novel bite device between the anterior teeth during tooth clenching. The EMG study (n=15) characterised jaw muscle activity for the three motor tasks and demonstrated significant differences in root mean square (RMS) EMG amplitude between 5-, 10- and 20-N tooth clenching (F=46.21, P<0.001). There were no differences in variability of muscle activity between the three tooth-clenching levels. In an fMRI pilot study (n=6), statistical comparisons were used to identify brain regions with significant activation in the subtraction of baseline from 5- or 20-N tooth-clenching activity. 5- and 20-N tooth clenching significantly and bilaterally activated the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum and basal ganglia (P<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). However, activation of each brain region did not differ significantly between two tooth-clenching tasks. Based on these preliminary findings, we propose that the novel biting device may be useful in further fMRI studies on controlled jaw muscle activation patterns in different craniofacial pain conditions. In addition, our fMRI result suggests that there are no significant differences in brain activity within low levels of tooth clenching with controlled force.
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| 8. |
- Nyquist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol abuse and healing complications after cervical hip fractures
- 1998
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - 1464-3502. ; 33:4, s. 373-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteonecrosis of the femoral head following femoral neck fractures is a common condition. Spontaneous osteonecrosis, is, however, a rare disorder, which is observed with increased frequency in alcohol abusers. In this retrospective study, we followed 512 consecutive male patients who had sustained femoral neck fractures between 1984 and 1992; 82 of these 512 patients (16%) had earlier been registered at the Department of Alcohol Diseases as high consumers of alcohol. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the rate of healing complications and alcohol consumption. No differences were observed in the degree of fracture dislocation, frequency of femoral head necrosis, and pseudoarthrosis among the abusers. Furthermore, no differences were found in causative events, primary operative treatment, post-operative complications, and the number of secondary operations. The abusers were significantly younger, had a higher rate of early retirement, and had an increased death rate. Our study suggests that alcohol complicates the healing process to a lesser extent than earlier thought, and that osteonecrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fractures is equally common in non-abusers as in abusers.
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