| 1. |
- Apiola, Mikko, et al.
(författare)
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An OLPC Workshop in Rural Tanzania : Preliminary Results
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies. - : IEEE. - 9780769550091 ; , s. 107-109
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One-to-one computing is an active and widely researched topic in educational technology. Its benefits include, for instance, easily updatable material base, anywhere-anytime learning, adaptability, and simulated experiments in science. The use of one-to-one computing in a developing country context has recently become an active research topic. However, the materialization of the educational benefits requires proper contextualization regarding the necessary pedagogical, organizational, institutional, and other types of adaptation. This paper presents preliminary results from an action research study in a primary school in rural Tanzania. In that study, the utilization of one- to-one computing in a combination with modern pedagogical approaches to teach ICT and health care topics was studied.
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| 2. |
- Apiola, Mikko, et al.
(författare)
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From Research & Design Milieu to a Living Lab : Ukombozi School in Tanzania
- 2012
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Ingår i: IST-Africa 2012 Conference Proceedings. - : IIMC International Information Management Corporation. - 9781905824342 ; , s. 155-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One-to-one computing has been proposed as one solution for improving primary school education around the world. Ukombozi School is a public primary school in Mkimbizi village, Tanzania, and the school has performed outstandingly on the district, regional, and national levels. Ukombozi school has 100 XO-1 "children’s laptops", and, in collaboration with a local university, the school is using those computers for teaching pupils basic computer literacy. The school, however, has ambitious plans for the computers. This paper analyses the necessary steps for developing the current research and design collaboration into a fully-fledged living lab, which can be used to studying, further developing, and replicating Ukombozi School’s success.
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| 3. |
- Apiola, Mikko, et al.
(författare)
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Working Practices in One to One Computing : a Rural Tanzanian Case
- 2013
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Ingår i: AFRICON, 2013. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467359405 ; , s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past two decades computers have become a standard educational tool in the industrialized countries. Recently, equipping each student with a personal device (one-to-one computing, OLPC) has been enthusiastically advocated for developing countries, too. However, despite a number of pioneering research studies, broader analyses of pedagogical, technical, and organizational aspects of one-to-one computing in developing countries are largely missing. In this participatory action research in a rural Tanzanian primary school, we identified a number of pedagogical elements that were beneficial for teaching and utilizing ICT in the classroom. We pinpointed exploratory and self-regulated learning, group problem solving, and constructive principles as facilitators of learning within the one-to-one computing paradigm in this context. Our results show that the introduction of children's computers also triggered a number of changes in dynamics both within the school but also outside the school.
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| 4. |
- Bjørnland, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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A Nordic multicenter survey of long-term bowel function after transanal endorectal pull-through in 200 patients with rectosigmoid Hirschsprung disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1531-5037 .- 0022-3468. ; 52:9, s. 1458-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Transanal endorectal pull-through (ERPT) is the most popular technique to treat Hirschsprung disease (HD). Still, there is limited knowledge on long-term bowel function. This cross-sectional, multicenter study assessed long-term bowel function in a large HD population and examined predictors of poor outcome.METHODS: Patients older than four years or their parents filled out a validated questionnaire on bowel function. Clinical details were recorded retrospectively from medical records.RESULTS: 73/200 (37%) patients reported absolutely no impaired bowel function, meaning no constipation, fecal accidents, stoma, appendicostomy or need for enemas. Seven (4%) had a stoma, and 33 (17%) used antegrade or rectal colonic enemas. Most disarrangements of fecal control and constipation were significantly less common in older age group, but abnormal defecation frequency and social problems remained unchanged. Syndromic patients (n=31) experienced frequent fecal accidents (46%) more often than nonsyndromic (14%, P<0.001). Having a syndrome (adjusted OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.1-15, P=0.001) or a complete transanal ERPT (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.7, P=0.038) was significantly associated with poor outcome defined as having a stoma, an appendicostomy, daily fecal accidents or need of regular rectal wash outs.CONCLUSION: A significant number of HD patients experience bowel problems many years after definite surgery. Fecal control was significantly better in older than younger HD patients, but some continued to have considerable bowel problems also as adults. A total transanal ERPT was associated with poorer outcome. Long-term follow-up of HD patients is warranted. Prognosis Study: Level II.
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| 5. |
- Fadista, João, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of Hirschsprung disease detects a novel low-frequency variant at the RET locus.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 26:4, s. 561-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ; 322 cases and 4893 controls). The conditional signal was, however, not replicated in two HSCR cohorts from USA and Finland, leading to the hypothesis that rs144432435 tags a rare haplotype present in Denmark and Sweden. Using the genome-wide complex trait analysis method, we estimated the SNP heritability of HSCR to be 88%, close to estimates based on classical family studies. Moreover, by using Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression we were able to construct a genetic HSCR predictor with a area under the receiver operator characteristics curve of 76% in an independent validation set. In conclusion, we combined the largest collection of sporadic Hirschsprung cases to date (586 cases) to further elucidate HSCR's genetic architecture.
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| 6. |
- Hukkinen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Management strategies and treatment results of pediatric choledochal malformations in the Nordic countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: HPB. - : Elsevier BV. - 1365-182X. ; 22:1, s. 161-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Incidence and long-term outcomes of choledochal malformations (CMs) in children remain unclear. Methods: Clinical characteristics, operative details, complications, and follow-up data were collected from eight pediatric surgical centers in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland, which also answered a questionnaire addressing management practices. Results: During 2000–2017, 126 pediatric CMs were diagnosed, corresponding an incidence of 1:37,400. Diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up practices varied markedly. Of patients with complete clinical data (n = 119), 85% and 11% had type I and IV CMs and were managed by open hepaticojejunostomy at median age of 2.5 (interquartile range 0.46–5.8) years. Associated malformations were more common in fusiform and type IV (23%) than cystic CMs (8%, p = 0.043). Pancreaticobiliary maljunction was more frequently confirmed in patients presenting with pancreatitis (26% vs. 7%, p = 0.005) and with fusiform CMs (56% vs. 25%, p = 0.001). Cholangitis/pancreatitis episodes, occurring in 12% during postoperative follow-up of 4.0 (2.0–7.9) years, associated with longer surveillance (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.54, p < 0.001). However, only two thirds of centers continued follow-up until adulthood. No malignancies were reported. Conclusions: CM incidence was higher than traditionally reported among Western populations. Although open hepaticojejunostomy carries good short-term outcomes, long-term morbidity is noteworthy. Standardized evidence-based management strategies and long-term follow-up are encouraged.
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| 7. |
- Mutanen, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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A nordic multicenter study on contemporary outcomes of pediatric short bowel syndrome in 208 patients
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 42:7, s. 1095-1103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Despite advances in the management of short bowel syndrome related intestinal failure (SBS-IF), large-scale contemporary pediatric studies are scarce. The aim of this multicenter study was to assess key outcomes and clinical prognostic factors in a recent Nordic pediatric SBS-IF population.Methods: Patients with SBS-IF treated during 2010-2019, whose parenteral support (PS) started at age <1 year and continued >60 consecutive days were included and retrospectively reviewed. All six participating centers followed multidisciplinary SBS-IF management. Risk factors for PS dependency, intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD) and mortality were assessed with Cox regression and Kaplan Meier analyses. IFALD was defined with serum liver biochemistry levels.Results: Among 208 patients, SBS-IF resulted from NEC in 49%, gastroschisis w/wo atresia in 14%, small bowel atresia in 12%, volvulus in 11%, and other diagnoses in 14%. Median age-adjusted small bowel length was 43% (IQR 21-80%). After median follow up of 4.4 years (IQR 2.5-6.9), enteral autonomy was reached by 76%, none had undergone intestinal transplantation, and overall survival was 96%. Half of deaths (4/8) were caused by septic complications. Although biochemical cholestasis occurred only in 3% at latest follow-up and none of deaths were directly caused by IFALD, elevated liver biochemistry (HR 0.136; P = 0.017) and shorter remaining small bowel (HR 0.941; P = 0.040) predicted mortality. Shorter remaining small bowel and colon, and presence of end-ostomy were the main predictors of PS dependency, but not IFALD. Patients with NEC reached enteral autonomy more efficiently and had decreased incidence of IFALD compared to other etiologies.Conclusions: Although with current multidisciplinary management, prognosis of pediatric SBS is encouraging, septic complications and IFALD still associated with the remaining low mortality rate.
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| 8. |
- Pakarinen, Mikko P, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of biliary atresia in the Nordic countries - a multicenter study of 158 patients during 2005-2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 53:8, s. 1509-1515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/purpose: Biliary atresia is the most common reason for newborn cholestasis and pediatric liver transplantation. Even after normalization of serum bilirubin after portoenterostomy, most patients require liver transplantation by adulthood due to expanding fibrosis. We addressed contemporary outcomes of biliary atresia in the Nordic countries. Methods: Data on center and patients characteristics, diagnostic practices, surgical treatment, adjuvant medical therapy after portoenterostomy, follow-up and outcomes were collected from all the Nordic centers involved with biliary atresia care during 2005-2016. Results: Of the 154 patients, 148 underwent portoenterostomy mostly by assigned surgical teams at median age of 64 (interquartile range 37-79) days, and 95 patients (64%) normalized their serum bilirubin concentration while living with native liver. Postoperative adjuvant medical therapy, including steroids, ursodeoxycholic acid and antibiotics was given to 137 (93%) patients. Clearance of jaundice associated with young age at surgery and favorable anatomic type of biliary atresia, whereas annual center caseload >. 3 patients and diagnostic protocol without routine liver biopsy predicted early performance of portoenterostomy. The cumulative 5-year native liver and overall survival estimate was 53% (95% CI 45-62) and 88% (95% CI 83-94), respectively. Portoenterostomy age <. 65. days and annual center caseload >. 3 patients were predictive for long-term native liver survival, while normalization of serum bilirubin after portoenterostomy was the major predictor of both native liver and overall 5-year survival. Conclusions: The outcomes of biliary atresia in the Nordic countries compared well with previous European studies. Further improvement should be pursued by active measures to reduce patient age at portoenterostomy. Retrospective prognosis study: Level II.
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| 9. |
- Pakarinen, Saila, et al.
(författare)
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Designing OLPC Learning Environments : A Case on 1:1 Pedagogy in Rural Tanzania
- 2013
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Ingår i: Africon 2013. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467359436 ; , s. -5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past two decades computers have become a standard educational tool in the industrialized countries. Recently, equipping each student with a personal device (one- to-one computing, OLPC) has been enthusiastically advocated for developing countries, too. However, despite a number of pioneering research studies, broader analyses of pedagogical, technical, and organizational aspects of one-to-one computing in developing countries are largely missing. In this participatory action research in a rural Tanzanian primary school, we identified a number of pedagogical elements that were beneficial for teaching and utilizing ICT in the classroom. We pinpointed exploratory and self-regulated learning, group problem solving, and constructive principles as facilitators of learning within the one-to-one computing paradigm in this context. Our results show that the introduction of children’s computers also triggered a number of changes in dynamics both within the school but also outside the school.
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| 10. |
- Stadil, Tatjana, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical repair of long-gap esophageal atresia : A retrospective study comparing the management of long-gap esophageal atresia in the Nordic countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 54:3, s. 423-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Several surgical procedures have been described in the reconstruction of long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA). We reviewed the surgical methods used in children with LGEA in the Nordic countries over a 15-year period and the postoperative complications within the first postoperative year.Methods:Retrospective multicenter medical record review of all children born with Gross type A or B esophageal atresia between 01/01/2000 and 12/31/2014 reconstructed within their first year of life.Results:We included 71 children; 56 had Gross type A and 15 type B LGEA. Delayed primary anastomosis (DPA) was performed in 52.1% and an esophageal replacement procedure in 47.9%. Gastric pull-up (GPU) was the most frequent procedure (25.4%). The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, congenital heart defects and other anomalies was significantly higher in patients who had a replacement procedure. The frequency of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was significantly higher after DPA compared to esophageal replacement (p = 0.013). At 1-year follow-up the mean body weight was higher after DPA than after organ interposition (p = 0.043).Conclusion: DPA and esophageal replacement procedures were equally applied. Postoperative complications and follow-up were similar except for the development of GER and the body weight at 1-year follow-up. Long-term results should be investigated.Type of study:Treatment study.
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