| 1. |
- Fagevik Olsén, Monika, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in respiratory and functional symptoms at four months after hospitalisation due to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE. - 1471-2466. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Much remains unknown about complex respiratory symptoms after COVID-19. Here we aimed to describe and analyse patients' various respiratory symptoms 4 months after discharge from hospitalisation for COVID-19, focusing on sex, previous pulmonary disease, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Methods This cross-sectional study involved five hospitals and included 52 patients with self-assessed respiratory dysfunction at 4 months after discharge from hospitalisation for severe COVID-19. Their average age was 63 years, 38% were women, 15 had a previous diagnosed pulmonary disease, and 29 were current or previous smokers. Additionally, 31 had required intensive care-among whom 21 were intubated and 11 needed mechanical ventilation for >= 20 days. Respiratory function was tested concerning lung volumes, expiratory flow, muscle strength, physical capacity (including concurrent oxygen saturation), thoracic expansion, and respiratory movements. Results Among 52 patients, 47 (90%) had one or several objectively measured respiratory function abnormalities. Decreased thoracic expansion was observed in 32 patients (62%), abnormal respiratory movements in 30 (58%), decreased vital capacity in 21 (40%), low physical function in 13 (26%), and desaturation during the test in 9 (17%). Respiratory inspiratory muscle strength was more commonly diminished than expiratory strength (27% vs. 8%). We did not observe differences between men and women, or between patients with versus without diagnosed pulmonary disease, except that those with pulmonary disease had significantly lower physical capacity assessed with 6MWD (70% vs. 88% predicted, p = 0.013). Compared to those who did not, patients who required >= 20 days of mechanical ventilation performed similarly on most tests, except that all thoracic breathing movements were significantly smaller (p < 0.05). The numbers and combinations of abnormal findings varied widely, without clear patterns. Conclusion Patients with remaining respiratory symptoms 4 months after discharge from hospitalization due to COVID-19 may suffer from various abnormal breathing functions, and dysfunctional breathing that is not detected using traditional measurements. These patients may benefit from multidimensional measuring of breathing movement, thoracic expansion, and respiratory muscle strength, along with traditional measurements, to assess their symptoms and enable prescription of optimal treatment interventions and rehabilitation.
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| 2. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Community safety policies in Sweden : a policy change in crime control strategies?
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Administration. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0190-0692 .- 1532-4265. ; 35:5, s. 293-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internationally, there has been a general trend towards crime prevention and community safety measures. The main policy ideas and instruments associated with this trend have spread widely in Western countries. This article examines the Swedish national crime prevention policy. As Sweden is a welfare society with a long tradition of social crime prevention, it is of great interest to explore to what extent the aforementioned trend has influenced its crime prevention policy. We do this by examining Sweden’s national policy and how its concepts have spread to the local level—specifically, to municipalities and their local crime prevention councils. We find that there has been a preventive shift in Sweden, although not as far-reaching as in many other European countries. Substantial changes have occurred in the understanding and direction of crime prevention work, and the question is to what extent this development will continue.
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| 3. |
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Perspektiv på offentlig verksamhet i utveckling : tolv kapitel om demokrati, styrning och effektivitet
- 2011. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Perspektiv på offentlig verksamhet i utveckling - Tolv kapitel om demokrati, styrning och effektivitet samlar texter från doktorander och forskare knutna till Forskarskolan Offentlig verksamhet i utveckling (FOVU) vid Örebro Universitet. Antologin erbjuder en mångdisciplinär och omfångsrik behandling av en rad viktiga utmaningar för dagens offentlig verksamhet. I boken behandlas ämnen som korruption, jämställdhet, trygghet, medborgardialog, sjukskrivning och högerextremism. Målsättningen med boken är att skapa en bro mellan inomvetenskapliga debatter, offentlig praktik och politik. Här erbjuds kortare texter som på ett överskådligt sätt angriper praktikrelevanta ämnen utan att göra avkall på den vetenskapliga kvaliteten. Vissa texter erbjuder forskningsöversikter och reder ut oklarheter i teoretiska debatter, medan andra presenterar resultat av empirisk forskning.
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| 4. |
- Persson, B. David, et al.
(författare)
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Human species D adenovirus hexon capsid protein mediates cell entry through a direct interaction with CD46
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D) types are currently being explored as vaccine vectors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other severe infectious diseases. The efficacy of such vector-based vaccines depends on functional interactions with receptors on host cells. Adenoviruses of different species are assumed to enter host cells mainly by interactions between the knob domain of the protruding fiber capsid protein and cellular receptors. Using a cell-based receptor-screening assay, we identified CD46 as a receptor for HAdV-D56. The function of CD46 was validated in infection experiments using cells lacking and overexpressing CD46, and by competition infection experiments using soluble CD46. Remarkably, unlike HAdV-B types that engage CD46 through interactions with the knob domain of the fiber protein, HAdV-D types infect host cells through a direct interaction between CD46 and the hexon protein. Soluble hexon proteins (but not fiber knob) inhibited HAdV-D56 infection, and surface plasmon analyses demonstrated that CD46 binds to HAdV-D hexon (but not fiber knob) proteins. Cryoelectron microscopy analysis of the HAdV-D56 virion-CD46 complex confirmed the interaction and showed that CD46 binds to the central cavity of hexon trimers. Finally, soluble CD46 inhibited infection by 16 out of 17 investigated HAdV-D types, suggesting that CD46 is an important receptor for a large group of adenoviruses. In conclusion, this study identifies a noncanonical entry mechanism used by human adenoviruses, which adds to the knowledge of adenovirus biology and can also be useful for development of adenovirus-based vaccine vectors.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Monika, 1979-
(författare)
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A policy problem that cannot escape its past : constraints on the reformation of safety policy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Critical Policy Studies. - : Routledge. - 1946-0171 .- 1946-018X. ; 9:2, s. 158-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within many current policy theories there is a tendency to first identify change and then explainit. A retrospective analysis of policy changes risks missing continuous processes and struggles forchange as well as mechanisms of resistance to change. Taking this as a point of departure, thispaper develops an understanding of the policy process as a struggle over meaning, as a way toallow for a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of policy change and continuity. Thisapproach is illustrated by an analysis of the formation of public safety policy in Sweden.Alternative storylines giving ‘new’ meanings to the policy problem were strategicallyincorporated into the policy discourse. However, it is found that an ideational path-dependency ofthe policy constrains the possibility for problem reformulation and thereby also the possibility forpolicy change. The discourses that instantiated the policy problem not only affect the ways inwhich the problem is rendered thinkable for the purposes of its government, but also for policyanalysts as well as the public. The analysis shows that it is crucial to understand the interrelationsbetween different discourses (within policy, politics and research) to understand the mechanismsof policy change and continuity.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Monika, 1979-
(författare)
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A policy problem that cannot escape its past : constraints on the reformation of safety policy
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within many current policy theories there is a tendency to first identify change and then explain it. A retrospective analysis of policy changes risks missing continuous processes and struggles for change as well as mechanisms of resistance to change. Taking this as a point of departure, this paper develops an understanding of the policy process as a struggle over meaning, as a way to allow for a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of policy change and continuity. This approach is illustrated by an analysis of the formation of public safety policy in Sweden. Alternative storylines giving ‘new’ meanings to the policy problem were strategically incorporated into the policy discourse. However, it is found that an ideational path-dependency of the policy constrains the possibility for problem reformulation and thereby also the possibility for policy change. The discourses that instantiated the policy problem affect the ways in which the problem is rendered thinkable for the purposes of its government, but also for policy analysts as well as the public. The analysis shows that it is crucial to understand the interrelations between different discourses (within policy, politics and research) to understand the mechanisms of policy change and continuity.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Persson, Monika, 1979-
(författare)
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The dynamics of policy formation : making sense of feelings of public unsafety
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Every policy problem has inherent value dimensions. It is on the basis of values that a state of affairs is perceived as undesirable, and thus acknowledged as a problem. This makes the process of defining and negotiating the meaning of a problem an essentially political process. Despite this, bureaucracy and expertise have a strong, if not increasing, influence over the formation of policy problems. An objectivist knowledge view predominates within the public managerial realm, which obscures the political dimension of problem formulation, while policy problems tend to be approached as a matter of efficiency.This thesis provides an account of mechanisms that shape and constrain the way a particular policy problem is understood and addressed. It analyses how policy actors make sense of particular problems, by drawing on different discourses (scientific, institutional, popular or media). The empirical case of this thesis is the formation of public safety policy in Sweden. The understanding of the problem of unsafety within Swedish policy is shown to be intrinsically related to the research field of fear of crime. The two are mutually dependent and exert an ideational path dependency. The ideational constraints on the understanding of unsafety are further affected by the institutional setting. It is argued that the appointed institutions and the emphasis on local level have a part in fostering individualist explanations and solutions,while obviating structural interpretations of the problem.The thesis finds that when governing complex policy problems there is a need to pay closer attention to how the problem is defined and how its meaning is constrained. It is crucial to make transparent the values inherent in definitions of problems as well as in research claims. By acknowledging the entwinement of policy and research the policy formation process may become characterized by greater reflexivity, and the possibility of resolving wicked problems may enlarge.
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