| 1. |
- Bonsall, Clive, et al.
(författare)
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Food for Thought : Re-Assessing Mesolithic Diets in the Iron Gates
- 2015
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Ingår i: Radiocarbon. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0033-8222 .- 1945-5755. ; 57:4, s. 689-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in human bone collagen are used routinely to aid in the reconstruction of ancient diets. Isotopic analysis of human remains from sites in the Iron Gates section of the Lower Danube Valley has led to conflicting interpretations of Mesolithic diets in this key region of southeast Europe. One view (Bonsall et al. 1997, 2004) is that diets were based mainly on riverine resources throughout the Mesolithic. A competing hypothesis (Nehlich et al. 2010) argues that Mesolithic diets were more varied with at least one Early Mesolithic site showing an emphasis on terrestrial resources, and riverine resources only becoming dominant in the Later Mesolithic. The present article revisits this issue, discussing the stable isotope data in relation to archaeozoological and radiocarbon evidence.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bonsall, Clive, et al.
(författare)
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The ‘Clisurean’ finds from Climente II cave, Iron Gates, Romania
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 423, s. 303-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climente II cave, Iron Gates, Romania was excavated in 1968-9. Human remains were recovered from contexts identified as 'Clisurean' (Final Epigravettian), along with ca 6000 chipped stone artifacts, bone tools including awls, arrowheads and a fragment of a harpoon, and shell and animal tooth ornaments. This article presents a re-evaluation of the archaeological finds from Climente II. Osteological analysis of the human remains confirms at least three individuals: a robust, young adult male aged between 18 and 28 years, a second (older) adult, and a neonate. Single-entity C-14 dating of human bone and humanly modified animal bones suggests the Clisurean occupation occurred during the BollingeAllerod warm period. Carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) stable isotope analyses highlight the importance of fish in human diet at Climente II. Comparison of the Climente II archaeological inventory with that from later, fisher-hunter-gatherer settlements in the Iron Gates indicates continuity of mortuary ritual, lithic tradition and subsistence practices from the Lateglacial into the Early Holocene.
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| 4. |
- Geber, Jonny, et al.
(författare)
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King Olaf's men? : Contextualizing Viking burials at S:t Olofsholm, Gotland, Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of osteoarchaeology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1047-482X .- 1099-1212. ; 33:5, s. 802-815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of burials at S:t Olofsholm, a site associated with the Saint Olaf cult on Gotland in Sweden, has enabled a bioarchaeological contextualization of medieval legends and sagas in conjunction with the archaelogical record. This study seeks to illuminate who were buried at S:t Olofsholm, through a biocultural lens, and whether these burials can be linked to folklore and sagas associated with the site. Five burials of possibly six individuals (cal. AD 980-1270) were assessed macroscopically and through stable isotope analysis (delta C-13, delta N-15, delta S-34, Sr-87/Sr-86, and delta O-18) of incremental dentine, bulk enamel, and bone samples. Sagas and legends associated with S:t Olofsholm mention episodes of conflict and contact involving King Olaf Haraldsson of Norway (later canonized as Saint Olaf), Gutes and Icelanders, and travels between Norway and Kyiv Rus. Two (or three) burials show signs of violent deaths, including evidence of sharp force trauma and burning. Isotope analyses indicate local and non-local signals, with possible links to southern Scandinavia, Britain, Iceland, the Baltics, and Kyiv Rus. In general, the evidence neither challenges nor confirms the legends and sagas associated with S:t Olofsholm. Instead, the findings illustrate the site's function as an early Christian place of worship within a wider Viking world that was characterized by travel and contact across the Baltic Sea, Scandinavia, and beyond. The burials at S:t Olofsholm are likely to be non-normative as indicated by their place of interment and the violent cause of death of most individuals.
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| 5. |
- Grzybowska, Milena, et al.
(författare)
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Faunal remains from the 1982–83 investigations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Archaeology and Environment on the North Sea Littoral. - Derbyshire : Archaeological Research Services Ltd.. - 9780993078903 ; , s. 169-190
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Patterson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; , s. 588-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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| 7. |
- Pickard, Catriona, et al.
(författare)
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Animal keeping in Chalcolithic north-central Anatolia : what can stable isotope analysis add?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 9:7, s. 1349-1362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stable isotope analysis is an essential investigativetechnique, complementary to more traditional zooarchaeologicalapproaches to elucidating animal keeping practices. Carbon(δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values of 132 domesticates(cattle, caprines and pigs) were evaluated to investigateone aspect of animal keeping, animal forage, at the LateChalcolithic (mid-fourth millennium BC) site of ÇamlıbelTarlası, which is located in north-central Anatolia. The analysesindicated that all of the domesticates had diets based predominantlyon C3 plants. Pig and caprine δ13C and δ15N values werefound to be statistically indistinguishable. However, cattle exhibiteddistinctive stable isotope values and, therefore, differences indiet from both pigs and caprines at Çamlıbel Tarlası. This differencemay relate to the distinct patterns of foraging behaviourexhibited by the domesticates. Alternatively, this diversity mayresult from the use of different grazing areas or from thefoddering practices of the Çamlıbel Tarlası inhabitants.
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| 8. |
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