| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Hayek, welfarism, and the deserving poor
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | : Routledge. - 9780429331312 - 9780367354268
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hayek sees poverty in its absolute sense as a factual problem, which the society has an obligation to deal with. Relative poverty, on the other hand, is not a problem with which the state should be concerned. Hayek approves the use of redistribution to decrease absolute poverty. However, redistribution of income for the sake of greater material equality would necessarily imply unequal treatment of men. This means that individuals will be used to fulfill the aims of other individuals; they will not be free. To Hayek, this is inacceptable. Other than the helping of the deserving poor to overcome poverty in its absolute sense, Hayek did not write much on poverty. The explanation for that is that Hayek viewed the problem of poverty mostly as a problem of the absence of prosperity. To Hayek, there is only one way to abolish poverty in the long run, and it is to make the society generally prosperous. A prosperous society is a society in continuous progress where all knowledge is put to its best use. Only in a free society, where the reward for supplying a good or service corresponds to the value it has to other individuals, will all knowledge come to use.
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| 2. |
- Hatti, Neelambar, et al.
(författare)
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Economists and Poverty : Introduction
- 2005
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Ingår i: Economists and Poverty : From Adam Smith to Amartya Sen - From Adam Smith to Amartya Sen. - 8179360164 ; , s. 1-18
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Hatti, Neelambar, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Poverty, Politics and Poverty of Politics. - 9789387587120 ; , s. 1-19
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Lundahl, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Poverty in contemporary economic thought
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | : Routledge. - 9780367354268 - 9781000368291 ; , s. 1-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides presentation of the work of the economists who received the 2019 Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. It deals almost exclusively with poverty within a nation, with the situation of individuals in society. The book explores the perspective to a comparison between nations, rich versus poor nations, and to the mechanisms which make for differences between national income levels. It identifies and examines what he had to say about the nature, origin, and possible solution of poverty. The book discusses poverty in the context of criticism of socialism, and the authors explain why this is so. It provides a discussion of the causes of poverty and its possible remedies, according to Hayek.
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| 5. |
- Rauhut, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Amartya Sen, Capability Deprivation and Poverty
- 2005
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Ingår i: Economists and Poverty : From Adam Smith to Amartya Sen - From Adam Smith to Amartya Sen. - 8179360164 ; , s. 275-296
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Rauhut, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Capability deprivation and poverty : Amartya sen revisited
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | : Routledge. - 9780367354268 - 9781000368291 ; , s. 158-171
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strength of Sen’s concept of poverty lies in the fact that it goes beyond the traditional concepts of poverty and is able to grasp the complexity of poverty. At the same time, the strength of Sen’s concept of poverty is also its weakness. It is very abstract indeed. Income does not tell us much about poverty according to the capability deprivation approach since poverty is more than being short of money or about income inequalities. However, while income plays an important role in achieving capabilities, it is the capability sets of different persons that should be compared with each other to see what real opportunities different persons actually have. Adam Smith and the classical economics have had a strong influence on Sen, something which he admits himself. Sen follows the Smithian tradition arguing that poverty should mainly be fought by the market mechanisms, complemented by public action. In addition, John Rawls has had significant influence on Sen’s notion of social justice. Partly in opposition to Rawls’ theory of social justice, Sen presents his own theory of justice, based not only on his previous work in welfare economics and social choice theory, but also on his philosophical thoughts. Institutions and processes in which the individual’s capabilities (including human rights) are in focus. The impact of Sen’s ideas on policies on how to fight poverty, capability deprivation, and social injustices is against mainstream economics: social reforms-such as improvements in education and public health-must precede economic reform. His views encourage policy makers to pay attention not only to alleviating immediate suffering but also to finding ways to replace the lost income of the poor-for example through public works.
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| 7. |
- Rauhut, Daniel, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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How to measure the impact of place marketing activities : a methodological discussion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Geografisk tidsskrift. - Copenhagen : Taylor & Francis. - 0016-7223 .- 1903-2471. ; 120:1, s. 67-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to explicate and discuss the main methods of measuring the effects of place marketing. Rather than favouring one method over another a priori, we seek to understand each method on its own terms in order to illuminate key assumptions and hypotheses. Additionally, we compare and contrast the different methods to reveal areas of logical inconsistency.Generally, the impact of place marketing activities is dominated by fragmented, often single case studies, analysed using qualitative methods. The methods hitherto developed to measure the effect of place marketing activities posit causal mechanisms in line with simple ex ante/ex post comparisons. As place marketing appears to be ‘political’ and policy oriented, the need to understand what happens in the policy process and the context in which marketing activities take place is paramount, we need to unfold the political process so as to understand why and how some place marketing activities work, and others do not.
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| 8. |
- Rauhut, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Immigrant Entrepreneurship on Regional Development in Western Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Romanian Journal of Regional Science. - Bucharest : Regional Science Association. - 1843-8520. ; 12:1, s. 18-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses how immigrant entrepreneurship impacts regional development. Three towns in Western Sweden are analysed,using unique data on company start-ups at a local level. The findings suggest that immigrant entrepreneurs are overrepresented in the start-ups of labour intensive and low productive businessesin the service sector. Such entrepreneurship does not promoteregional development, but it may get the entrepreneur out of thereliance onwelfare schemes and meet theirbills. Resultantly, the region appears to be caught in a vicious circle of underdevelopment, whereincompanies started by immigrant entrepreneurs experience a limited market expansion, and this leads to low savings,low consumption, reduced stock of capital in the economy,and low income.Thispaper offers important insights on how theory and results that stem from an aggregate national level may differ when entrepreneurship is analysed at a local level. It concludes that what works well and promotes regional development in metropolitan areas may lead to completely different outcomes in smaller towns in decaying industrial regions.
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| 9. |
- Rauhut Kompaniets, Olga, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Against all Odds? Applying the ‘5P’-Model in Place Marketing of Peripheral Areas
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of accessibility to markets determines the absolute and relative competitiveness of peripheral regions. The combination of low population density and huge distances makes it difficult to achieve any economies of scale in terms of service provision, transport, ICT etc. in (spatially) peripheral regions. The concept of ‘aspatial peripherality’ describe regions with poor knowledge resources, e.g. poor quality of the local information technology infrastructure and no access or poor access to local, national and global institutional structures and networks. Limited resources makes some sort of public action a necessity; both types of peripherality have difficulties in attracting investments, business, residents or tourists. By applying place marketing strategies to such areas these above mentioned challenges can be met.This paper aims to discuss the applicability of the 5P marketing model (place, product, price, promotion, people) in place marketing of peripheral regions. This study offers a theoretical discussion and will explore new routes of using this model in place marketing. In relation to this, policy implications of its implementation to peripheral areas will be discussed.The findings indicate that the classical 5P marketing model offers a good point of departure in place marketing of peripheral areas, partly because of its ability to structure the work and identify areas of improvement. This applies for all possible target groups. Marketing activities need however to be designed differently for every target group and this paper offers some theoretical schemes to illustrate this. A policy finding when applying the 5P marketing model in peripheral areas is that the government needs to actively contribute - which is not the same as paying for everything! - to overcome e.g. the relatively bad accessibility and poor knowledge resources. Without an explicit long term commitment by the government, the market actors will feel uncertain about investing in peripheral areas.
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| 10. |
- Rauhut Kompaniets, Olga, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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How to measure the impact of place-marketing activities
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper aims to explicate and integrate the main methods of measuring the effects of place marketing. Rather than favouring one method over another a priori, we seek to understand each model on its own terms in order to illuminate key assumptions and hypotheses. Only after each method has been considered separately do we compare and contrast the different methods to provide a sound basis for evaluating the models measuring the effects of place marketing activities empirically.Generally, the methods hitherto developed to measure the effect of place marketing activities posit causal mechanisms in line with the ‘quasi-experimental’ evaluation model or are simple ex ante/ex post comparisons. This finding has implications for the formulation of place marketing activities. Depending on what method is used under what circumstances, the effects of place marketing activities will differ. The paper suggests a model for evaluating the impact of place marketing activities.
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