| 1. |
- Danielson, Mats, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Structured eDemocracy beyond eDiscussion
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of eChallenges 2009.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a case showing how the use of a transparent decision support model can increase the effectiveness of the preparatory, analysis and negotiation stages of a democratic decision process. The case is of a democratic decision process taking advantage of a transparent decision support model, which may be extended to also include participatory elements in a well-defined manner. The support methods must allow for decision modelling with respect to different preferences and views, which further can be adjusted in an interactive fashion when considering calculated decision outcomes.
|
|
| 2. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Transparent Public Decision Making : Discussion and Case Study in Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: e-Democracy. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789048190447 - 9789048190454 ; , s. 263-281
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish city of Örebro has since long faced complex problems with poor water quality in a local river. This problem is a typical example of a regional decision problem, since there are several different stakeholders that might be affected, and there are different views on the need for, and effect of, different measures. The problems also strongly relate to the environmental condition of the river and involve other municipalities as well. In this chapter, we describe how to address this problem using an implementation of a systematic democratic deci-sion process for enhancing the transparency and the decision quality in itself. The process is in conformity with common democratic processes, but with higher em-phasis on accuracy and precision and on the interaction between civil servants and decision makers. A main issue here is to clearly separate the various views in-volved in these processes from the actual facts and, at the same time, facilitate input from various stakeholders. Therefore, we allow for modelling of outcomes based on different preferences and facilitate an elicitation process where views are extracted and combined with basic data from the background investigations preceding the decision. The process is divided into two stages. The first one is em-phasized in this chapter and concerns the internal democracy, i.e. the formulation and refinement of the original and extended decision problems and the interaction between politicians and civil servants, while the second stage deals with the external democracy, i.e. the communication with the public, where communication channels directed towards citizens will be formed.
|
|
| 3. |
- Riabacke, Mona, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
A Prescriptive Approach for Eliciting Imprecise Weight Statements in an MCDA Process
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 5783. - Berlin / Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642044274 ; , s. 168-179
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we discuss decision making involving multiple objectives (MCDA) and especially the lack of more prescriptively useful elicitation methods for weights within MCDA. We highlight the discrepancy between how elicitation is handled in current decision analysis applications and the abilities of real decision-makers to provide what is required from them. Based on theory and highlighted problems with current methods, we propose a novel approach for weight elicitation which relaxes the need for numeric preciseness from decision-makers and reduces some of the practical issues related to such processes. The method is tested in a comparative study, as well as employed in a real-life case study.
|
|
| 4. |
- Larsson, Aron, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardinal and Rank Ordering of Criteria — Addressing Prescription within Weight Elicitation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making. - : World Scientific. - 0219-6220 .- 1793-6845. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weight elicitation methods in multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) are often cognitively demanding, require too much precision, time and effort. Some of the issues may be remedied by connecting elicitation methods to an inference engine facilitating a quick and easy method for decision-makers to use weaker input statements, yet being able to utilize these statements in a method for decision evaluation. In this paper, we propose a fast and practically useful weight elicitation method, answering to many of the requirements. The method builds on the ideas of rank-order methods, but can also take imprecise cardinal information into account. The method is subsequently employed in two real-life case studies and compared to a case where a simple ratio weight procedure using exact input statements was employed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Riabacke, Ari, et al.
(författare)
-
How different Choice Strategies Can Affect the Risk Elicitation Process
- 2006
-
Ingår i: IAENG International Journal of Computer Science. - 1819-656X .- 1819-9224. ; 32:4, s. 460-465
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study focusing on deviations from normative behavior in risk elicitation. Such deviations haveimplications on the process of eliciting reliable input data in applications of decision analysis. No existing elicitation method seems to be universally useful based on the findings made in this study. Since people obviously do not act in accordance with the normative rules, and different choice strategies have been identified, a prescriptive approach with individual assistance of the decision makers in the elicitation process thus seems to benecessary.
|
|
| 6. |
- Riabacke, Ari, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk Elicitation in Precise and Imprecise Domains : A Comparative Study, Sweden and Brazil
- 2007
-
Ingår i: CIMCA 2006: International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation, Jointly with IAWTIC 2006: International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies .... - 0769527310 - 9780769527314
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a comparative study between two groups from different cultural contexts, Sweden and Brazil, when choosing among risky prospects. The study explores whether there are differences in choice behaviours when the uncertainty in the prospects is expressed as interval estimates instead of the traditional use of point estimates, as well as when prospects are displayed with and without expected monetary values. Both groups display similar choice behaviours when they choose among prospects where uncertainty is expressed as point vs. interval estimates, whereas the Brazilian respondents are more affected by EMV information. The results indicate that the employment of intervals to represent uncertainty can be beneficial and could facilitate the elicitation part in the use and development of decision analytical tools. Furthermore, there is a need for more flexible tools, more adapted to a prescriptive approach, since people from different cultural contexts seem to differ in their choice behaviours.
|
|
| 7. |
- Riabacke, Mona, 1976-
(författare)
-
A Prescriptive Approach to Eliciting Decision Information
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The amount of information involved in many decision making situations has increased dramatically in recent years and support of some kind is often needed. Consequently, fields like Business Intelligence (BI) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) have advanced. Decision analysis applications belong to the latter category and aim to support decision making activities in businesses and organizations, and provide more clearly structured decision material to use as a basis for decisions. In spite of a belief in their potential, their employment is still limited in practice, which could partly be attributed to the fact that they are incomplete to support decision processes sufficiently in real settings. At present, e.g., the specification and execution of the elicitation of input data is often left to the discretion of the user. Yet, this involves quite a few problematic elements and is of importance for the quality of the process as a whole.This thesis focuses on more practically useful elicitation of information in decision analysis applications than what is offered today. A process model emphasizing the importance of structured elicitation of adequate input data throughout decision processes is also suggested. In order to further define the problematic aspects of elicitation, three empirical studies were conducted. The problems with eliciting precise decision data suggests that using imprecise values within elicitation is a more realistic and useful approach to strive for. Based on theory and the findings of the studies, a weight elicitation method for imprecise statements and noisy input was formalized into the Cardinal Rank Ordering of Criteria (CROC) method. This method is both compatible with an adapted prescriptive decision making model, focused on a more structured elicitation component, as well as algorithms for dealing with such data. The CROC method was employed and validated in two real-life cases, which is not so common within decision analysis research.
|
|
| 8. |
- Riabacke, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Employing Cardinal Rank Ordering of Criteria in Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Uncertainty Modeling in Knowledge Engineering and Decision Making. - : World Scientific. - 9789814417730
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The elicitation of preference information in multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) processes and the lack of practical means supporting it is a significant problem in real-life applications of MCDA. The issues at hand are problematical in a multitude of ways, but some of these issues may be remedied by accepting weaker input statements from decision-makers than what is most commonly needed, yet being able to utilize these statements for decision evaluation. In this paper, we propose a fast and practically useful weight elicitation method, which builds on the ideas of rank-order methods, but in addition take imprecise cardinal information into account.
|
|
| 9. |
- Riabacke, Mona, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
eParticipation Galore? Extending Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to the Public
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - 1653-4360. ; 2011:2, s. 79-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New approaches and tools are required because of the increasing request for public participation and democratic decision making. There are two particular major challenges associated with this namely, applications allowing for large numbers of users and the balancing of participation and expertise. This article tests a method attempting to achieve this by combining a multi-criteria decision approach with different forms of discussion and deliberation. The method involves relaxed requirements for user exactness in statements of opinion and was tested on 90 students aged 17-19. Is it possible to extend multi-criteria decision analysis to the public? In order to answer this question, our research focuses on (1) scalability, or the potential for increased participation, as well as (2) decision quality, i.e. whether the alternatives are reflected upon and if there have been reasoned judgments. The test and survey found both these criteria met. The findings suggest that the method can be used for large scale participation during a decision making process, but also that a participatory process is improved by lengthier deliberation and more than one point of measurement so that opinions can stabilize.
|
|
