| 1. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 2. |
- Roth, Gregory A, et al.
(författare)
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Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019 : Update From the GBD 2019 Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 76:25, s. 2982-3021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gualini, F., et al.
(författare)
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Subcrestal placement of dental implants with an internal conical connection of 0.5 mm versus 1.5 mm: Outcome of a multicentre randomised controlled trial 1 year after loading
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Implantology. - 1756-2406. ; 10:1, s. 73-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate whether there are some clinical benefits by placing single dental implants either 0.5 or 1.5 mm subcrestally in healed bone crests. Materials and methods: Sixty partially edentulous patients requiring two single implant-supported crowns had both sites randomly allocated either to 0.5 mm or 1.5 mm subcrestal implant placement according to a split-mouth design at six centres. Implants were submerged in aesthetic areas or nonsubmerged in non-aesthetic areas for 3 months. Provisional acrylic crowns were delivered and were replaced after 2 months by definitive metal-ceramic crowns. Patients were followed to 1 year after loading. Outcome measures were: crown and implant failures; complications; aesthetics assessed using the pink esthetic score (PES); peri-implant marginal bone level changes; and patient preference, recorded by blinded assessors. Results: One patient dropped out. One patient lost both implants to infection at impression taking. Three complications affected three patients of the 0.5 mm group and two complications affected two patients of the 1.5 mm subcrestally placed implants. One patient had complications at both implants. There were no statistically significant differences for complications between group (difference of proportion = 0.02; 95% Cl-0.06 to 0.09; P (McNemar test) = 1.000). At delivery of definitive crowns, 2 months after loading, the mean aesthetic score was 11.22 +/- 1.91 and 11.12 +/- 1.59 for the 0.5 and 1.5 mm group, respectively. At 1 year after loading, the mean aesthetic score was 12.09 +/- 1.66 and 12.10 +/- 1.52 for the 0.5 and 1.5 mm group, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at 2 months (P (paired t test) = 0.626) or at 1 year (P (paired t test) = 0.920). One year after loading, patients of the 0.5 mm lost on average 0.21 +/- 0.51 mm and those of the 1.5 mm group 0.11 +/- 0.36 mm, the difference being not statistically significant (difference = 0.10; 95% Cl-0.01 to 0.20; P (paired t test) = 0.078). Patients did not prefer any depth of the implant placement over the other. There were no differences in outcomes between centres. Conclusions: No statistical or clinical differences were noticed when placing implants 0.5 mm or 1.5 mm subcrestally therefore clinicians can do as they prefer.
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| 5. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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ANNIE, a Tool for Integrating Ergonomics in the Design of Car Interiors
- 2000
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Ingår i: SAE Transactions – Journal of Materials and Manufacturing. Technical Paper 1999-01-3372. Reprinted From: Proceedings of the 1999 SAE Southern Automotive Manufacturing.. ; , s. 1-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Akselsson at the Department for Work Environment) there some of the authors (Engström) gained extensive grants (Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found). In this case the just mentioned EU-financing.
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Annie, a Tool for Integrating Ergonomics in the Design of Car Interiors
- 1999
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Axelsson at the Department for Work Environment) there some of the authors. (Engström) gained extensive grants (Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found).
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| 7. |
- Kraemer, B. K., et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of Prolonged- and Immediate-release Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplantation : A Pooled Analysis of Two Large, Randomized, Controlled Trials
- 2017
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Ingår i: Transplantation Proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-1345 .- 1873-2623. ; 49:9, s. 2040-2049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Two large, prospective studies (12-03; OSAKA) compared the efficacy and tolerability of prolonged-release versus immediate-release tacrolimus in kidney transplant patients also receiving mycophenolate mofetil and low-dose corticosteroids (without induction therapy). Methods. Data were combined into one database to compare results over 24 weeks using 3 alternative endpoints: biopsy-confirmed acute rejection (BCAR); the Food and Drug Administration composite endpoint (graft loss, SCAR, and loss to follow-up), and the European Medicines Agency composite endpoint (graft loss, BCAR, and graft dysfunction). The 95% confidence intervals were calculated (10% noninferiority margin). Results. Overall, 633 patients received prolonged-release tacrolimus (12-03, n = 331; OSAKA, n = 302) and 645 received immediate-release tacrolimus (n = 336; n = 309). Baseline characteristics were comparable. Proportionately more patients receiving prolonged-release tacrolimus had trough levels of 5-15 ng/mL on day 1 (60.8%) and 2 (56.6%) versus immediate-release tacrolimus (42.5% and 43.9%, respectively, both P < .001). Efficacy of prolonged-release and immediate-release tacrolimus were similar as assessed by BCAR (13.9% vs 14.1%, respectively), European Medicines Agency composite endpoint (40.3% vs 38.3%) and US Food and Drug Administration composite endpoint (21.5% vs 19.8%). Conclusions. Novel efficacy endpoints as required by the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration demonstrate noninferiority of prolonged-release versus immediate-release tacrolimus. Significantly more patients treated with prolonged release tacrolimus versus immediate-release tacrolimus achieved trough levels of 5 to 15 ng/mL early after transplantation.
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| 8. |
- Richter, A., et al.
(författare)
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The cross‐level moderation effect of resource‐providing leadership on the demands—work ability relationship
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Employees in female‐dominated sectors are exposed to high workloads, emotional job demands, and role ambiguity, and often have insufficient resources to deal with these demands. This imbalance causes strain, threatening employees’ work ability. The aim of this study was to examine whether resource‐providing leadership at the workplace level buffers against the negative repercussions of these job demands on work ability. Employees (N = 2383) from 290 work groups across three countries (Germany, Finland, and Sweden) in female‐dominated sectors were asked to complete questionnaires in this study. Employees rated their immediate supervisor’s resourceproviding leadership and also self‐reported their work ability, role ambiguity, workload, and emotional demands. Multilevel modeling was performed to predict individual work ability with job demands as employee‐level predictors, and leadership as a group‐level predictor. Work ability was poor when employees reported high workloads, high role ambiguity, and high emotional demands. Resource‐providing leadership at the group level had a positive impact on employees’ work ability. We observed a cross‐level interaction between emotional demands and resource‐providing leadership. We conclude that resource‐providing leadership buffers against the repercussions of emotional demands for the work ability of employees in female‐dominated sectors; however, it is not influential in dealing with workload or role ambiguity.
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