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- Stenman, U H, et al.
(författare)
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Summary report of the TD-3 workshop: characterization of 83 antibodies against prostate-specific antigen
- 1999
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Ingår i: Tumor Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1423-0380 .- 1010-4283. ; 20:Suppl. 1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twelve research groups participated in the ISOBM TD-3 Workshop in which the reactivity and specificity of 83 antibodies against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were investigated. Using a variety of techniques including cross-inhibition assays, Western blotting, BIAcore, immunoradiometric assays and immunohistochemistry, the antibodies were categorized into six major groups which formed the basis for mapping onto two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) models of PSA. The overall findings of the TD-3 Workshop are summarized in this report. In agreement with all participating groups, three main antigenic domains were identified: free PSA-specific epitopes located in or close to amino acids 86-91; discontinuous epitopes specific for PSA without human kallikrein (hK2) cross-reactivity located at or close to amino acids 158-163; and continuous or linear epitopes shared between PSA and hK2 located close to amino acids 3-11. In addition, several minor and partly overlapping domains were also identified. Clearly, the characterization of antibodies from this workshop and the location of their epitopes on the 3-D model of PSA illustrate the importance of selecting appropriate antibody pairs for use in immunoassays. It is hoped that these findings and the epitope nomenclature described in this TD-3 Workshop are used as a standard for future evaluation of anti-PSA antibodies.
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- Cuzick, Jack, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 15:11, s. e484-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men and the worldwide burden of this disease is rising. Lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, exercise, and weight control offer opportunities to reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. Early detection of prostate cancer by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is controversial, but changes in the PSA threshold, frequency of screening, and the use of other biomarkers have the potential to minimise the overdiagnosis associated with PSA screening. Several new biomarkers for individuals with raised PSA concentrations or those diagnosed with prostate cancer are likely to identify individuals who can be spared aggressive treatment. Several pharmacological agents such as 5α-reductase inhibitors and aspirin could prevent development of prostate cancer. In this Review, we discuss the present evidence and research questions regarding prevention, early detection of prostate cancer, and management of men either at high risk of prostate cancer or diagnosed with low-grade prostate cancer.
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- Haese, A, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of predictive accuracy for pathologically organ confined clinical stage T1c prostate cancer using human glandular kallikrein 2 and prostate specific antigen combined with clinical stage and Gleason grade
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 173:3, s. 752-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Previously human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) has been implicated to predict pathologically organ confined prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with stage T2 disease. Now we evaluated the usefulness of hK2, as measured by 2 entirely different immunoassay designs, to enhance the discrimination of pathologically organ from nonorgan confined clinical stage T1c PCa. Materials and Methods: A consecutive series of pretreatment serum from 148 men with clinical stage T1c PCa was used in 2 equally sensitive and specific methods to measure total hK2 with independent reagents and entirely different assay designs. Total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) were measured and percent fPSA was calculated. We determined the algorithm, hK2*tPSA/fPSA, from data generated by each hK2 assay, calculated means, medians and ranges for each analyte and algorithm, and calculated the significance of differences on univariate analysis. Using pretreatment PSA, clinical stage and biopsy Gleason grade we then developed a multivariate logistic regression base model to predict organ confined cancer and we compared predictions of the base model supplemented by the different hK2 measurements. Results: hK2 and hK2 based algorithms obtained by each hK2 assay were significantly different for pT2a/b vs pT3a or greater PCa (p = 0.034 to 0.0001) compared to tPSA (p = 0.06), fPSA (p = 0.90) or percent fPSA (p = 0.059). However, AUC (0.67 to 0.70) calculated by ROC analysis of the 4 models containing hK2 derived information was not significantly larger than that of the base model (AUC = 0.64, p = 0.52). Conclusions: The current data confirm that hK2 alone or hK2*tPSA/fPSA measured by 2 immunoassays is significantly lower in men with pT2a/b vs pT3a or greater PCa compared to tPSA, fPSA or percent fPSA on univariate analysis of a validation set of clinical stage T1c prostate cancer treated at an American center of excellence for prostate cancer surgery. However, the incorporation of preoperative hK2 into multiparameter predictive models for pT2 cancers did not increase predictive accuracy in this cohort of men.
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