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- Duffy, J. Emmett, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a Coordinated Global Observing System for Seagrasses and Marine Macroalgae
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In coastal waters around the world, the dominant primary producers are benthic macrophytes, including seagrasses and macroalgae, that provide habitat structure and food for diverse and abundant biological communities and drive ecosystem processes. Seagrass meadows and macroalgal forests play key roles for coastal societies, contributing to fishery yields, storm protection, biogeochemical cycling and storage, and important cultural values. These socio-economically valuable services are threatened worldwide by human activities, with substantial areas of seagrass and macroalgal forests lost over the last half-century. Tracking the status and trends in marine macrophyte cover and quality is an emerging priority for ocean and coastal management, but doing so has been challenged by limited coordination across the numerous efforts to monitor macrophytes, which vary widely in goals, methodologies, scales, capacity, governance approaches, and data availability. Here, we present a consensus assessment and recommendations on the current state of and opportunities for advancing global marine macrophyte observations, integrating contributions from a community of researchers with broad geographic and disciplinary expertise. With the increasing scale of human impacts, the time is ripe to harmonize marine macrophyte observations by building on existing networks and identifying a core set of common metrics and approaches in sampling design, field measurements, governance, capacity building, and data management. We recommend a tiered observation system, with improvement of remote sensing and remote underwater imaging to expand capacity to capture broad-scale extent at intervals of several years, coordinated with strati fied in situ sampling annually to characterize the key variables of cover and taxonomic or functional group composition, and to provide ground-truth. A robust networked system of macrophyte observations will be facilitated by establishing best practices, including standard protocols, documentation, and sharing of resources at all stages of work flow, and secure archiving of open-access data. Because such a network is necessarily distributed, sustaining it depends on close engagement of local stakeholders and focusing on building and long-term maintenance of local capacity, particularly in the developing world. Realizing these recommendations will producemore effective, efficient, and responsive observing, a more accurate global picture of change in vegetated coastal systems, and stronger international capacity for sustaining observations.
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- Hakimi Hashjin, L., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of educational intervention based on the protective motivation theory on awareness and early detection behaviours of breast cancer in women
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1463-5240 .- 2164-9545.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Cancer control and early detection’ is one of the priority programs of the World Health Organization. This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention, based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), on awareness and early detection behaviours of breast cancer (BC) in women. The eligible women were randomly selected through electronic health records, and divided into the intervention (IG) (n = 45) and control groups (CG) (n = 45). Data were collected in three phases: baseline (T1), immediately (T2) and two-month (T3) after the PMT-based intervention using four questionnaires of Demographic-Clinical Information, Awareness of BC Warning Signs, Awareness of BC Early Detection Behaviours and Modified Early Cancer Detection Behaviours – BC version. Results showed that the PMT-based education influenced the awareness and behaviours of participants in the IG group compared with the CG over time (p < 0.001). The mean and standard deviation of variables improved in the IG in comparison to the CG from T1 to T3: ‘awareness of BC warning signs’ [IG: (T1: 68.50 ± 5.47) to (T3: 89.40 ± 3.50)] [CG: (T1: 69.70 ± 5.87) to (T3: 67.40 ± 2.42)], ‘awareness of early detection behaviours’ [IG: (T1: 78.65 ± 4.47) to (T3: 89.55 ± 4.74)] [CG: (T1: 79.20 ± 5.45) to (T3: 84.10 ± 2.89)] and ‘protection behaviours’ [IG: (T1: 65.01 ± 23.99) to (T3: 98.15 ± 12.20)] [CG: (T1: 56.94 ± 20.85) to (T3: 57.68 ± 21.01)]. Thus, women in this context should be motivated and empowered towards protective health behaviours for early detection of BC. It is suggested that healthcare providers develop PMT-based programs for BC early detection in women in different settings of the community.
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- Li, Hao, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Unlocking the human inner ear for therapeutic intervention
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human inner ear contains minute three-dimensional neurosensory structures that are deeply embedded within the skull base, rendering them relatively inaccessible to regenerative therapies for hearing loss. Here we provide a detailed characterisation of the functional architecture of the space that hosts the cell bodies of the auditory nerve to make them safely accessible for the first time for therapeutic intervention. We used synchrotron phase-contrast imaging which offers the required microscopic soft-tissue contrast definition while simultaneously displaying precise bony anatomic detail. Using volume-rendering software we constructed highly accurate 3-dimensional representations of the inner ear. The cell bodies are arranged in a bony helical canal that spirals from the base of the cochlea to its apex; the canal volume is 1.6 mu L but with a diffusion potential of 15 mu L. Modelling data from 10 temporal bones enabled definition of a safe trajectory for therapeutic access while preserving the cochlea's internal architecture. We validated the approach through surgical simulation, anatomical dissection and micro-radiographic analysis. These findings will facilitate future clinical trials of novel therapeutic interventions to restore hearing.
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- Quintana, M., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the longitudinal and circumferential left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in healthy elderly individuals by tissue-Doppler echocardiography : relationship with heart rate
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Science. - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 106:5, s. 451-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue-Doppler echocardiography (TDE) has been introduced to quantify stress echocardiography by means of assessing the left ventricular (LV) segmental myocardial velocities and excursion. The interaction between LV long- and short-axis function during physical exercise has not been elucidated completely. The aim of the present study was to investigate long- and short-axis LV function, as assessed by myocardial velocities and excursions at rest and during exercise and its possible relationship with heart rate in healthy elderly individuals by TIDE Twenty-seven individuals underwent an exercise test in the supine position on a bicycle ergometer. The initial workload was 30 Watts, followed by 20-Watt increments every third minute. Standard echocardiographic images with super-imposed colour TDE were digitized at the end of each step. The following variables were studied in the LV long- and short-axis: myocardial peak systolic velocity (PSV) and excursion, isovolumic contraction and relaxation times, peak velocity at early diastole (E-wave) and peak velocity at late diastole (A'-wave) and the E'/A' ratio. Increments in myocardial peak systolic velocity and excursion in the LV long-axis were more pronounced during low workloads. The increase in those variables in the short-axis occurred mainly, at higher exercise loads. The improvement in LV long- and short-axis functions was closely related to the increase in the heart rate. Shortening of the isovolumic contraction and relaxation times occurred only at the initial stages of exercise. An increase in the long-axis E'/A' ratio occurred during exercise, whereas this ratio was unchanged in the short-axis. In conclusion, during exercise, the LV long- and short-axis functions behave differently, and increases in LV long- and short-axis functions are related to changes in heart rate. Therefore, in the interpretation of echocardiographic findings during exercise stress echocardiography, these facts have to be taken into account.
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