| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Gardner, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender and telomere length : Systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 51, s. 15-27
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is widely believed that females have longer telomeres than males, although results from studies have been contradictory. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analyses to test the hypothesis that in humans, females have longer telomeres than males and that this association becomes stronger with increasing age. Searches were conducted in EMBASE and MEDLINE (by November 2009) and additional datasets were obtained from study investigators. Eligible observational studies measured telomeres for both females and males of any age, had a minimum sample size of 100 and included participants not part of a diseased group. We calculated summary estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity between studies was investigated using sub-group analysis and meta-regression. Results: Meta-analyses from 36 cohorts (36,230 participants) showed that on average females had longer telomeres than males (standardised difference in telomere length between females and males 0.090, 95% CI 0.015, 0.166; age-adjusted). There was little evidence that these associations varied by age group (p = 1.00) or cell type (p = 0.29). However, the size of this difference did vary by measurement methods, with only Southern blot but neither real-time PCR nor Flow-FISH showing a significant difference. This difference was not associated with random measurement error. Conclusions: Telomere length is longer in females thanmales, although this difference was not universally found in studies that did not use Southern blot methods. Further research on explanations for the methodological differences is required. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.
|
|
| 3. |
- Nordfjall, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Telomere Length Is Associated With Obesity Parameters but With a Gender Difference
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 16:12, s. 2682-2689
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity have been coupled to short telomere length in peripheral blood. The biological background to this observation is not obvious from the literature. In this study we have analyzed a large set of known risk factors for CVD in relation to telomere length in blood cells on a merged cohort of 989 individuals recruited in the Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort (MDCC) and the Northern Sweden MONICA project. We found a significant or borderline association between obesity parameters and telomere length in women after age and center adjustments (BMI: r = -0.106, P = 0.021, weight: r = -0.087, P = 0.060, waist circumference: r = -0.099, P = 0.032, hip circumference: r = -0.128, P = 0.005). In men, a positive borderline correlation to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = 0.111, P = 0.053) and a negative correlation to 2-h post-oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was observed (r = -0.202, P = 0.045). In neither group any association was found between telomere length and cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum low-density lipoprotein, plasma insulin, blood pressure, pulse pressure, or smoking habits. Our data indicate that telomere length is associated with an "obesity-phenotype" but only in women.
|
|
| 4. |
- Roos, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of Si and Ce Contents on the Nozzle Clogging in a REM Alloyed Stainless Steel
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 86:11, s. 1279-1288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the cerium and silicon contents on the castability of a REM-alloyed stainless steel was investigated by using pilot scale experiments. The trials were carried out with three different silicon concentrations: i) low (LSi; Si < 0.5%); ii) middle (MSi; Si approximate to 0.8-1.4%); and iii) high (HSi; Si approximate to 1.5-1.9%). During the casting, the liquid steel was teemed out through a zirconia nozzle located at the bottom of the furnace. The results showed that the nozzle clogging did drastically increase with increasing concentrations of Si and Ce up to levels larger than the critical contents (>= 1.5% Si and >= 0.05% Ce) in the cast HSi steel. In addition, the Ce content in a cast steel was found to increase linearly with an increased concentration of Si, due to the determinant effect of the Si content on an initial content of O in the melt before an addition of mischmetal. Finally, it was found that the concentration of insoluble Ce (Ce-insol.) determines the amount of inclusions and clusters in steel samples. Overall, soluble Ce concentrations larger than 250 ppm were found to be an important reason for fast nozzle clogging during casting.
|
|
