| 1. |
- Fridh, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between self-injury and involvement in cyberbullying among mentally distressed adolescents in Scania, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:2, s. 190-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate associations between self-injury and involvement in cyberbullying as a bully, victim or bully-victim among mentally distressed adolescents. Methods: Data from the public health survey of children and adolescents in Scania, Sweden 2016 were used. A questionnaire was answered anonymously in school by 9143 students in 9th grade compulsory school (response rate 77%) and 7949 students in 2nd grade of upper secondary school (response rate 73%). Students with past year (broadly defined) mental distress at least 2 weeks in a row (33% of boys and 63% of girls) were asked if they had performed self-injury (i.e. cut, superficially cut or otherwise injured themselves) past year, and those with data on self-injury and cyberbullying were included in the present study (n=6841). Associations between self-injury and cyberbullying were investigated by multiadjusted logistic regression analysis. Results: Among mentally distressed students, self-injury was reported by 11.7% of boys and 25.9% of girls. Age-adjusted analysis showed increasingly higher odds of self-injury among cyberbullies, cybervictims and cyberbully-victims, using non-involved as reference group (OR boys: 1.8, 2.3, 3.0; girls: 2.1, 3.2, 4.8). Associations weakened after adjustment for several potential confounders but remained significant for all cyberbullying groups except male cyberbullies, among whom significance was lost after adjustment for smoking, alcohol and narcotics. Conclusions: Peer victimization in cyber space is associated with self-injury, especially among victims and bully-victims. Decreasing peer victimization is a priority, and school and health professionals need to be aware of the associations between cyberbullying and self-injury among mentally distressed adolescents.
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| 4. |
- Fridh, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Poor psychological health and 5-year suicide mortality : A population-based prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536. ; 258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective was to investigate associations between the General Health Questionnaire with twelve sub-items (GHQ-12) and prospective five-year suicide mortality. The two commonly used GHQ-12 cut-offs (2/3 and 3/4) were analyzed. Method: The 2008 public health survey, which was conducted in the autumn of 2008 in Scania, southern Sweden, is based on a postal questionnaire answered by 28,198 participants, aged 18 to 80. GHQ-12 was assessed from the baseline questionnaire, and five-year prospective register data on causes of death were connected to the baseline survey. In total, 21 persons died from intentional self-inflicted injuries, and twenty of them had complete answers regarding GHQ-12. Hazard rate ratios (HRR) were analyzed in survival (Cox-) regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, marital status and socioeconomic status (SES). Results: The prevalence of poor psychological health according to GHQ-12 with the 2/3 cut-off was 14% among men and 18% among women, and with the 3/4 cut-off it was 11% among men and 15% among women. The 2/3 cut-off yielded a HRR of 3.02 (1.14–7.98, 95% CI) which decreased to 2.44 (0.92–6.49) when adjusted for marital status and SES, and a 3/4 cut-off HRR of 3.97 (1.51–10.47) which decreased to 3.23 (1.22-1.22-8.56) when adjusted for marital status and SES. Conclusion: The results indicate high effect measures (HRRs) between GHQ12 with both cut offs and five-year suicide mortality.
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| 5. |
- Fridh, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Poor psychological health and 8-year mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study stratified by gender in Scania, Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We investigated gender differences in the association between mortality and general psychological distress (measured by 12-item General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12), as an increased mortality risk has been shown in community studies, but gender differences are largely unknown. SETTING: We used data from a cross-sectional population-based public health survey conducted in 2008 in the Swedish region of Skåne (Scania) of people 18-80 years old (response rate 54.1 %). The relationship between psychological distress and subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality was examined by logistic regression models for the total study population and stratified by gender, adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, lifestyle (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption), and chronic disease. PARTICIPANTS: Of 28 198 respondents, 25 503 were included in analysis by restrictive criteria. OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall and cause-specific mortality by 31 December 2016. RESULTS: More women (20.2 %) than men (15.7 %) reported psychological distress at baseline (GHQ ≥3). During a mean follow-up of 8.1 years, 1389 participants died: 425 (30.6%) from cardiovascular diseases, 539 (38.8%) from cancer, and 425 (30.6%) from other causes. The overall association between psychological distress and mortality risk held for all mortality end-points except cancer after multiple adjustments (eg, all-cause mortality OR 1.8 (95 % CI 1.4 to 2.2) for men and women combined. However, stratification revealed a clear gender difference as the association between GHQ-12 and mortality was consistently stronger and more robust among men than women. CONCLUSION: More women than men reported psychological distress while mortality was higher among men (ie, the morbidity-mortality gender paradox). GHQ-12 could potentially be used as one of several predictors of mortality, especially for men. In the future, screening tools for psychological distress should be validated for both men and women. Further research regarding the underlying mechanisms of the gender paradox is warranted.
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| 6. |
- Fridh, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective health complaints and exposure to peer victimization among disabled and non-disabled adolescents: A population-based study in Sweden.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 46:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate subjective health complaints (SHCs) (psychological and somatic, respectively) among disabled and non-disabled adolescents, focusing on the impact of traditional bullying and cyber harassment, and furthermore to report psychological and somatic SHCs across different types of disability.Data from the public health survey of children and adolescents in Scania, Sweden, 2012 was used. A questionnaire was answered anonymously in school by 9791 students in the 9th grade (response rate 83%), and 7533 of these with valid answers on key questions were included in this study. Associations with daily SHCs were investigated by multi-adjusted logistic regression analyses.Any disability was reported by 24.1% of boys and 22.0% of girls. Disabled students were more exposed to cyber harassment (boys: 20.0%; girls: 28.2%) than non-disabled peers (boys: 11.8%; girls: 18.1%). Exposure to traditional bullying showed the same pattern but with a lower prevalence. Disabled students had around doubled odds of both daily psychological SHCs and daily somatic SHCs in the fully adjusted models. In general, the odds increased with exposure to cyber harassment or traditional bullying and the highest odds were seen among disabled students exposed to both cyber harassment and traditional bullying. Students with ADHD/ADD had the highest odds of daily psychological SHCs as well as exposure to traditional bullying across six disability types.Disabled adolescents report poorer health and are more exposed to both traditional bullying and cyber harassment. This public health issue needs more attention in schools and in society in general.
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| 7. |
- Fridh, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective health complaints in adolescent victims of cyber harassment: moderation through support from parents/friends - a Swedish population-based study.
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Victimization in cyberspace has emerged as a new public health issue among the young. The main purpose of this study was to analyze associations between cyber victimization defined as cyber harassment (CH) (a somewhat broader concept than cyberbullying) and subjective health complaints (SHC), to study whether these associations were modified by parental/friend support (measured as communication), and to explore the influence of traditional bullying victimization (TBV) on the association between CH and SHC.
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| 8. |
- Köhler, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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"All is well": professionals' documentation of social determinants of health in Swedish Child Health Services health records concerning maltreated children - a mixed method approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bmc Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Knowledge about social determinants of health has influenced global health strategies, including early childhood interventions. Some psychosocial circumstances - such as poverty, parental mental health problems, abuse and partner violence - increase the risk of child maltreatment and neglect. Healthcare professionals' awareness of psychosocial issues is of special interest, since they both have the possibility and the obligation to identify vulnerable children. Methods: Child Health Services health records of 100 children in Malmo, Sweden, who had been placed in, or were to be placed in family foster care, were compared with health records of a matched comparison group of 100 children who were not placed in care. A mixed-method approach integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis was applied. Results: The documentation about the foster care group was more voluminous than for the comparison group. The content was problem-oriented and dominated by severe parental health and social problems, while the child's own experiences were neglected. The professionals documented interaction with healthcare and social functions, but very few reports to the Social Services were noted. For both groups, notes about social structures were almost absent. Conclusions: Child Health Service professionals facing vulnerable children document parental health issues and interaction with healthcare, but they fail to document living conditions thereby making social structures invisible in the health records. The child perspective is insufficiently integrated in the documentation and serious child protection needs remain unmet, if professionals avoid reporting to Social Services.
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| 9. |
- Köhler, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Children in family foster care have greater health risks and less involvement in Child Health Services
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:5, s. 508-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThis study investigated the impact of being in family foster care on selected health determinants and participation in Child Health Services (CHS).MethodsTwo groups of 100 children, born between 1992 and 2008, were studied using data from Swedish Child Health Services for the preschool period up to the age of six. The first group had been in family foster care, and the controls, matched for age, sex and geographic location, had not. Descriptive statistics were used to describe differences in health determinants and participation in Child Health Services between the two groups.ResultsThe foster care group had higher health risks, with lower rates of breastfeeding and higher levels of parental smoking. They were less likely to have received immunisations and attended key nurse or physician visits and speech and vision screening. Missing data for the phenylketonuria test were more common in children in family foster care.ConclusionChildren in family foster care were exposed to more health risks than the control children and had lower participation in the universal child health programme during the preschool period. These results call for secure access to high‐quality preventive health care for this particularly vulnerable group of children.
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| 10. |
- Köhler, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Parental health and psychosomatic symptoms in preschool children : A cross-sectional study in Scania, Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 45:8, s. 846-853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the association between parental self-rated health and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in preschool children. Methods: A questionnaire, including questions about sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, lifestyle, parental and child health, was sent to parents of all 4-year-old children in Scania, Sweden. The response rate was 43.6%. The outcome was RAP and the main exposure was parental self-rated health (SRH). Covariates included sociodemographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors. Logistic regression analyses were used in a five-step model to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of parental SRH in relation to child RAP. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed higher odds of RAP among children whose parents reported domestic violence, economic worries and poor SRH (mothers OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.6, 2.7) and fathers OR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.0)). Adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors reduced the OR for RAP in the children of mothers with poor SRH (OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.2)) and fathers with poor SRH (OR = 1.2 (CI 95%: 0.8, 1.7)). Poor SRH was associated with less reading to the child as well as parental perceptions of insufficiency in the interaction with the child. Conclusions: Health professionals have a key position to prevent psychosomatic symptoms in childhood by identifying the living conditions of children with RAP and particularly, to pay attention to parental poor health to identify if support to the family and/or child protection interventions are needed. Health professionals meeting adult patients with poor health should identify whether they are parents and have children who might need information, support and/or protection.
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