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- Kargi, Aysegul, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Serum S-TRAIL Level in Newly Diagnosed Stage-IV Lung Adenocarcinoma but not Squamous Cell Carcinoma is Correlated with Age and Smoking
- 2013
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Ingår i: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Asian Pacific Education Press Ltd.. - 1513-7368. ; 14:8, s. 4819-4822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Many factors can protect against or facilitate its development. A TNF family member TRAIL, has a complex physiological role beyond that of merely activating the apoptotic pathway in cancer cells. Vitamin D is converted to its active form locally in the lung, and is also thought to play an important role in lung health. Our goal was to investigate the possible clinical significance of serum sTRAIL and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Totals of 18 consecutive adenocarcinoma and 22 squamous cell carcinoma patients with stage-IV non-small cell lung cancer referred to our institute were included in this study. There were 12 men and 6 women, with ages ranging from 38 to 97 (mean 60.5) years with adenocarcinoma, and 20 men and 2 women, with ages ranging from 46 to 80 (mean 65) years with squamous cell carcinoma. Serum levels of sTRAIL and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) were measured in all samples at the time of diagnosis. Results: sTRAIL levels in NSCLC patients were higher than in the control group. Although there was no correlation between patient survival and sTRAIL levels, the highest sTRAIL levels were correlated with age and cigarette smoking in the adenocarcinoma patients. sTRAIL level in healthy individuals were correlated with serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Conclusions: Serum sTRAIL concentrations were increased in NSCLC patients, and correlated with age and smoking history, but not with overall survival.
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| 4. |
- Krusell, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Asset Prices in a Huggett Economy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Theory. - : Elsevier. - 0022-0531 .- 1095-7235. ; 146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Krusell, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting the Welfare Effects of Eliminating Business Cycles
- 2009
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Ingår i: Review of economic dynamics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 1094-2025 .- 1096-6099. ; 12:3, s. 393-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the welfare effects of eliminating business cycles in a model with substantial consumer heterogeneity. The heterogeneity arises from uninsurable and idiosyncratic uncertainty in preferences and employment status. We calibrate the model to match the distribution of wealth in U.S. data and features of transitions between employment and unemployment. In comparison with much of the literature, we find rather large effects. For our benchmark model, we find welfare effects that, on average across all consumers, are of a bit more than one order of magnitude larger than those computed by Lucas [Lucas Jr., R.E., 1987. Models of Business Cycles. Basil Blackwell, New York]. When we distinguish long- from short-term unemployment, long-term unemployment being distinguished by poor (and highly procyclical) employment prospects and low unemployment compensation, the average gain from eliminating cycles is as much as 1% in consumption equivalents. In addition, in both models, there are large differences across groups: very poor consumers gain a lot when cycles are removed (the long-term unemployed as much as around 30%), as do very rich consumers, whereas the majority of consumers—the “middle class”—sees much smaller gains from removing cycles. Inequality also rises substantially upon removing cycles.
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| 8. |
- Liu, Yanhong, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic copy number imbalances associated with bone and non-bone metastasis of early-stage breast cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 143:1, s. 189-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to identify and validate copy number aberrations in early-stage primary breast tumors associated with bone or non-bone metastasis. Whole-genome molecular inversion probe arrays were used to evaluate copy number imbalances (CNIs) in breast tumors from 960 early-stage patients with information about site of metastasis. The CoxBoost algorithm was used to select metastasis site-related CNIs and to fit a Cox proportional hazards model. Gains at 1q41 and 1q42.12 and losses at 1p13.3, 8p22, and Xp11.3 were significantly associated with bone metastasis. Gains at 2p11.2, 3q21.3-22.2, 3q27.1, 10q23.1, and 14q13.2-3 and loss at 7q21.11 were associated with non-bone metastasis. To examine the joint effect of CNIs and clinical predictors, patients were stratified into three risk groups (low, intermediate, and high) based on the sum of predicted linear hazard ratios. For bone metastasis, the hazard (95 % confidence interval) for the low-risk group was 0.32 (0.11-0.92) compared to the intermediate-risk group and 2.99 (1.74-5.11) for the high-risk group. For non-bone metastasis, the hazard for the low-risk group was 0.34 (0.17-0.66) and 2.33 (1.59-3.43) for the high-risk group. The prognostic value of loss at 8p22 for bone metastasis and gains at 10q23.1 for non-bone metastasis, and gain at 11q13.5 for both bone and non-bone metastases were externally validated in 335 breast tumors pooled from four independent cohorts. Distinct CNIs are independently associated with bone and non-bone metastasis for early-stage breast cancer patients across cohorts. These data warrant consideration for tailoring surveillance and management of metastasis risk.
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Jonna, 1978-
(författare)
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Work, wealth, and well-being : Essays in macroeconomics
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Structural transformation of the labor market and the aggregate economyWomen's increased involvement in the economy has been the most significant change in labor markets during the past century. In this paper, I account for this period of structural change of the labor market in a macroeconomic model, and study how the increase in female labor force participation has affected the economy's response to aggregate shocks. I explicitly model heterogeneity in gender and household composition as well as the historical decrease of the gender wage gap. The model captures the salient features of historical data, including a strong increase in employment among married women, low crowding-out of married men, and relatively stable employment over time for single women. I then study how the changing labor force composition affects the economy's aggregate employment dynamics. The underlying trend in employment, driven by growth in female labor force participation, contributed to the perceived quick employment recovery after recessions before 1990. In general, incorporating both one- and two-person households matters for employment dynamics, with single households reacting more strongly to shocks and employment responses by subgroups changing over time. Labor supply in a quantitative heterogeneous-agent modelSince long, the labor-supply channel has played a central role in macroeconomic analysis. Nevertheless, it has almost exclusively focused on representative-agent behavior. The aim of this paper is to examine frameworks that are significantly richer in terms of heterogeneity and uncertainty, and assess whether the predictions yielded by the starker frameworks are robust to these extensions. Subjective life expectancies, time preference heterogeneity and wealth inequalityThere is substantial heterogeneity in statistical and perceived life expectancy in the population. In this paper we document a systematic bias in survival beliefs: individuals with low survival probability relative to their peers underestimate their life expectancies, while individuals with high survival probability overestimate. To gauge the effect of heterogeneity in life expectancy on savings rates and ultimately wealth inequality, we introduce shocks to survival beliefs into an otherwise standard overlapping-generations model. We show that such a model exhibits counter-factual savings behavior as individuals increase their savings when their life expectancy drops. Nevertheless, overall wealth inequality in the economy is virtually unaffected by heterogeneity in survival beliefs, contrary to previous literature. Health dynamics and heterogeneous life expectanciesIn this paper, we provide improved estimates for age-dependent health transitions and survival probabilities for different subsamples of the US population. The estimated yearly transition matrices can be used in any life-cycle model where health and survival dynamics is of interest. The results show substantial heterogeneity in life expectancy in the population. For a 70-year-old man in excellent health, the probability of reaching his 80th birthday is around 75%, while the corresponding probability for a man in poor health is just below 40%.
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| 10. |
- Thompson, Patricia A., et al.
(författare)
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Loss of LRIG1 Locus Increases Risk of Early and Late Relapse of Stage I/II Breast Cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 74:11, s. 2928-2935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gains and losses at chromosome 3p12-21 are common in breast tumors and associated with patient outcomes. We hypothesized that the LRIG1 gene at 3p14.1, whose product functions in ErbB-family member degradation, is a critical tumor modifier at this locus. We analyzed 971 stage I/II breast tumors using Affymetrix Oncoscan molecular inversion probe arrays that include 12 probes located within LRIG1. Copy number results were validated against gene expression data available in the public database. By partitioning the LRIG1 probes nearest exon 12/13, we confirm a breakpoint in the gene and show that gains and losses in the subregions differ by tumor and patient characteristics including race/ethnicity. In analyses adjusted for known prognostic factors, loss of LRIG1 was independently associated with risk of any relapse (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.32-2.73), relapse >= 5 years (HR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.31-4.36), and death (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11-2.16). Analyses of copy number across chromosome 3, as well as expression data from pooled, publicly available datasets, corroborated the hypothesis of an elevated and persistent risk among cases with loss of or low LRIG1. We concluded that loss/low expression of LRIG1 is an independent risk factor for breast cancer metastasis and death in stage I/II patients. Increased hazard in patients with loss/low LRIG1 persists years after diagnosis, suggesting that LRIG1 is acting as a critical suppressor of tumor metastasis and is an early clinical indicator of risk for late recurrences in otherwise low-risk patients.
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