| 1. |
- de Jong, Roelof S., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST-4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].
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| 2. |
- Haynes, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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The 4MOST instrument concept overview
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147, s. 91476-91476
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 4MOST([1]) instrument is a concept for a wide-field, fibre-fed high multiplex spectroscopic instrument facility on the ESO VISTA telescope designed to perform a massive (initially >25x10(6) spectra in 5 years) combined all-sky public survey. The main science drivers are: Gaia follow up of chemo-dynamical structure of the Milky Way, stellar radial velocities, parameters and abundances, chemical tagging; eROSITA follow up of cosmology with x-ray clusters of galaxies, X-ray AGN/galaxy evolution to z similar to 5, Galactic X-ray sources and resolving the Galactic edge; Euclid/LSST/SKA and other survey follow up of Dark Energy, Galaxy evolution and transients. The surveys will be undertaken simultaneously requiring: highly advanced targeting and scheduling software, also comprehensive data reduction and analysis tools to produce high-level data products. The instrument will allow simultaneous observations of similar to 1600 targets at R similar to 5,000 from 390-900nm and similar to 800 targets at R>18,000 in three channels between similar to 395-675nm (channel bandwidth: 45nm blue, 57nm green and 69nm red) over a hexagonal field of view of similar to 4.1 degrees2. The initial 5-year 4MOST survey is currently expect to start in 2020. We provide and overview of the 4MOST systems: opto-mechanical, control, data management and operations concepts; and initial performance estimates.
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| 3. |
- Loryan, Irena, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Assessment of Drug Delivery to Tissues and Association with Phospholipidosis: A Case Study with Two Structurally Related Diamines in Development
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 14:12, s. 4362-4373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug induced phospholipidosis (PLD) may be observed in the preclinical phase of drug development and pose strategic questions. As lysosomes have a central role in pathogenesis of PLD, assessment of lysosomal concentrations is important for understanding the pharmacokinetic basis of PLD manifestation and forecast of potential clinical appearance. Herein we present a systematic approach to provide insight into tissue-specific PLD by evaluation of unbound intracellular and lysosomal (reflecting acidic organelles) concentrations of two structurally related diprotic amines, GRT1 and GRT2. Their intratissue distribution was assessed using brain and lung slice assays. GRT1 induced PLD both in vitro and in vivo. GRT1 showed a high intracellular accumulation that was more pronounced in the lung, but did not cause cerebral PLD due to its effective efflux at the blood-brain barrier. Compared to GRT1, GRT2 revealed higher interstitial fluid concentrations in lung and brain, but more than 30-fold lower lysosomal trapping capacity. No signs of PLD were seen with GRT2. The different profile of GRT2 relative to GRT1 is due to a structural change resulting in a reduced basicity of one amino group. Hence, by distinct chemical modifications, undesired lysosomal trapping can be separated from desired drug delivery into different organs. In summary, assessment of intracellular unbound concentrations was instrumental in delineating the intercompound and intertissue differences in PLD induction in vivo and could be applied for identification of potential lysosomotropic compounds in drug development.
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