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| 2. |
- Kawasaki, Riku, et al.
(author)
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Theranostic Agent Combining Fullerene Nanocrystals and Gold Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 23:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developing photoactivatable theranostic platforms with integrated functionalities of biocompatibility, targeting, imaging contrast, and therapy is a promising approach for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here, we report a theranostic agent based on a hybrid nanoparticle comprising fullerene nanocrystals and gold nanoparticles (FGNPs) for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Compared to gold nanoparticles and fullerene crystals, FGNPs exhibited stronger photoacoustic signals and photothermal heating characteristics by irradiating light with an optimal wavelength. Our studies demonstrated that FGNPs could kill cancer cells due to their photothermal heating characteristics in vitro. Moreover, FGNPs that are accumulated in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeation and retention effect can visualize tumor tissue due to their photoacoustic signal in tumor xenograft model mice. The theranostic agent with FGNPs shows promise for cancer therapy.
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| 3. |
- Kjellström, Tord, et al.
(author)
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Climate change and occupational heat problems
- 2013
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In: Industrial Health. - : National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health, Japan. - 0019-8366 .- 1880-8026. ; 51:1, s. 1-2
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
- Kuklane, Kalev, et al.
(author)
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Are standard tests of cold protection by footwear relevant and valid?
- 2008
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In: 7th International Meeting on Manikins and Modelling (7I3M).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present international standards for safety, protective and occupational footwear EN ISO 20344 – 20347 classify footwear as cold protective by a pass/fail test where the limits are set for an allowed 10 °C temperature drop inside the footwear at a sole location during 30 minutes at a temperature gradient of about 40 °C. In a test of five footwear including a summer sandal it was shown that all could pass the test, since performance is basically determined by the sole insulation only. The standard does not discriminate between good and poor cold protective footwear and should be replaced by a more relevant and valid test, for example with a heated foot model.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kuklane, Kalev, et al.
(author)
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Testing cold protection according to EN ISO 20344: Is there any professional footwear that does not pass?
- 2009
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In: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-3162. ; 53:1, s. 63-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present Comite´ Europe´en de Normalisation (CEN) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for safety, protective and occupational footwear EN ISO 20344–20347 classify footwear as cold protective by a pass/fail test where the limits are set for an allowed 10 °C temperature drop inside the footwear during 30 min at a temperature gradient of ~40 °C. It is questionable if a simple pass/fail test of this kind provides approved footwear that really protects the feet from cooling in exposures ranging from temperatures at +18 °C to as low as or even lower than -50 °C. This study selected for testing some professional footwear that could certainly not be considered as cold protective. Some footwear that could be used in cold was selected with as low insulation as the not cold-intended footwear. Also, a boot intended for cold was selected to be tested according to a modified standard at a temperature gradient of 70 °C. The footwear selection was based on insulation measurements with a thermal foot model. All footwear did pass the test. Although it is clear for the user that a sandal, a mesh shoe or a thin textile shoe is not cold protective, it is not as clear that an item of safety footwear, that has as low insulation as those mentioned above, could be classified as cold protective according to the present standards. Because of this, the user might have a deceptive feeling of safety and may be exposed to higher risks. As practically all professional footwear may pass this cold test, then the method/requirements should be radically changed or such a test should be removed from the standards.
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| 7. |
- Pälike, Heiko, et al.
(author)
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A Cenozoic record of the equatorial Pacific carbonate compensation depth
- 2012
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 488:7413, s. 609-614
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and climate are regulated on geological timescales by the balance between carbon input from volcanic and metamorphic outgassing and its removal by weathering feedbacks; these feedbacks involve the erosion of silicate rocks and organic-carbon-bearing rocks. The integrated effect of these processes is reflected in the calcium carbonate compensation depth, which is the oceanic depth at which calcium carbonate is dissolved. Here we present a carbonate accumulation record that covers the past 53 million years from a depth transect in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The carbonate compensation depth tracks long-term ocean cooling, deepening from 3.0-3.5 kilometres during the early Cenozoic (approximately 55 million years ago) to 4.6 kilometres at present, consistent with an overall Cenozoic increase in weathering. We find large superimposed fluctuations in carbonate compensation depth during the middle and late Eocene. Using Earth system models, we identify changes in weathering and the mode of organic-carbon delivery as two key processes to explain these large-scale Eocene fluctuations of the carbonate compensation depth.
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| 8. |
- Sakoi, Tomonori, et al.
(author)
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Human body heat balance equation to consider core body temperature in assessment of heatstroke risk
- 2024
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In: Building and Environment. - 0360-1323. ; 247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased core body temperature and dehydration are critical thermal physiological responses to heat disorders. Dehydration is preventable through adequate water intake. However, a simple heat balance equation for assessing the heatstroke risk considering the core body temperature is currently lacking. Hence, this study proposes an equation for evaluating heatstroke risk. To derive the equation, the thermal regulation of the human body and heat interactions between the body core, skin, clothing, and indoor and outdoor environments were considered. The heat flow and heat capacity were represented as water flows caused by the water head difference and cross-sectional area of the tanks, respectively. Subsequently, the importance of considering the above elements as a unified system for designing a thermally comfortable environment and preventing heatstroke is discussed. Next, a heatstroke threshold equation is presented in the form of human body heat balance equation, which considers the core body temperature. This equation enabled us to evaluate the threshold for the combination of the environmental, clothing, and activity parameters beyond which the body temperature exceeds the acceptable limit for heatstroke. The equation was validated by comparing the thresholds with the reported upper limit of the prescriptive zone. The calculated thresholds for various parameters revealed that the parameters related to evaporative heat loss, such as clothing evaporative resistance, were the dominant parameters influencing the threshold. Although the equation can evaluate the influences of various types of activity and clothing, it can be applied only to acclimatized workers in good health with sufficient water and salt intake.
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