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Sökning: WFRF:(Schlag R)

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2.
  • Kiendler-Scharr, A., et al. (författare)
  • Ubiquity of organic nitrates from nighttime chemistry in the European submicron aerosol
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276. ; 43:14, s. 7735-7744
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the atmosphere nighttime removal of volatile organic compounds is initiated to a large extent by reaction with the nitrate radical (NO3) forming organic nitrates which partition between gas and particulate phase. Here we show based on particle phase measurements performed at a suburban site in the Netherlands that organic nitrates contribute substantially to particulate nitrate and organic mass. Comparisons with a chemistry transport model indicate that most of the measured particulate organic nitrates are formed by NO3 oxidation. Using aerosol composition data from three intensive observation periods at numerous measurement sites across Europe, we conclude that organic nitrates are a considerable fraction of fine particulate matter (PM1) at the continental scale. Organic nitrates represent 34% to 44% of measured submicron aerosol nitrate and are found at all urban and rural sites, implying a substantial potential of PM reduction by NOx emission control.
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3.
  • Zhao, D. F., et al. (författare)
  • Size-dependent hygroscopicity parameter (κ) and chemical composition of secondary organic cloud condensation nuclei
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 1944-8007. ; 42:24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Secondary organic aerosol components (SOA) contribute significantly to the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the atmosphere. The CCN activity of internally mixed submicron SOA particles is often parameterized assuming a size-independent single-hygroscopicity parameter κ. In the experiments done in a large atmospheric reactor (SAPHIR, Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction chamber, Jülich), we consistently observed size-dependent κ and particle composition for SOA from different precursors in the size range of 50nm–200nm. Smaller particles had higher κ and a higher degree of oxidation, although all particles were formed from the same reaction mixture. Since decreasing volatility and increasing hygroscopicity often covary with the degree of oxidation, the size dependence of composition and hence of CCN activity can be understood by enrichment of higher oxygenated, low-volatility hygroscopic compounds in smaller particles. Neglecting the size dependence of κ can lead to significant bias in the prediction of the activated fraction of particles during cloud formation.
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