| 1. |
- Angelstam, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-Based Knowledge Versus Negotiated Indicators for Assessment of Ecological Sustainability : The Swedish Forest Stewardship Council Standard as a Case Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 42:2, s. 229-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing ecological sustainability involves monitoring of indicators and comparison of their states with performance targets that are deemed sustainable. First, a normative model was developed centered on evidence-based knowledge about (a) forest composition, structure, and function at multiple scales, and (b) performance targets derived by quantifying the habitat amount in naturally dynamic forests, and as required for presence of populations of specialized focal species. Second, we compared the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification standards' ecological indicators from 1998 and 2010 in Sweden to the normative model using a Specific, Measurable, Accurate, Realistic, and Timebound (SMART) indicator approach. Indicator variables and targets for riparian and aquatic ecosystems were clearly under-represented compared to terrestrial ones. FSC's ecological indicators expanded over time from composition and structure towards function, and from finer to coarser spatial scales. However, SMART indicators were few. Moreover, they poorly reflected quantitative evidence-based knowledge, a consequence of the fact that forest certification mirrors the outcome of a complex social negotiation process.
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| 2. |
- Daniel, Terry C., et al.
(författare)
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Contributions of cultural services to the ecosystem services agenda
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:23, s. 8812-8819
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cultural ecosystem services (ES) are consistently recognized but not yet adequately defined or integrated within the ES framework. A substantial body of models, methods, and data relevant to cultural services has been developed within the social and behavioral sciences before and outside of the ES approach. A selective review of work in landscape aesthetics, cultural heritage, outdoor recreation, and spiritual significance demonstrates opportunities for operationally defining cultural services in terms of socioecological models, consistent with the larger set of ES. Such models explicitly link ecological structures and functions with cultural values and benefits, facilitating communication between scientists and stakeholders and enabling economic, multicriterion, deliberative evaluation and other methods that can clarify tradeoffs and synergies involving cultural ES. Based on this approach, a common representation is offered that frames cultural services, along with all ES, by the relative contribution of relevant ecological structures and functions and by applicable social evaluation approaches. This perspective provides a foundation for merging ecological and social science epistemologies to define and integrate cultural services better within the broader ES framework.
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| 3. |
- Richnau, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Multifaceted value profiles of forest owner categories in south Sweden : the river Helge å catchment as a case study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Allen Press Inc.. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 42:2, s. 188-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest landscapes provide benefits from a widerange of goods, function and intangible values. But whatare different forest owner categories’ profiles of economicuse and non-use values? This study focuses on the complexforest ownership pattern of the River Helge a ̊catchmentincluding the Kristianstad Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve insouthern Sweden. We made 89 telephone interviews withinformants representing the four main forest owner cate-gories. Our mapping included consumptive and non-con-sumptive direct use values, indirect use values, and non-usevalues such as natural and cultural heritage. While thevalue profiles of non-industrial forest land owners andmunicipalities included all value categories, the forestcompanies focused on wood production, and the SwedishEnvironmental Protection Agency on nature protection. Wediscuss the challenges of communicating different forestowners’ economic value profiles among stakeholders, theneed for a broader suite of forest management systems, andfora for collaborative planning.
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