| 1. |
- Kerstis, Birgitta, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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More secure attachment to the father and the mother is associated with fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents
- 2018
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 123:1, s. 62-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate whether more secure attachment to the father and the mother is associated with less depressive symptoms among adolescents, and to explore possible sex differences.Method: A population-based sample of adolescents completed a school-based survey assessing demographic data, attachment to father and mother, as well as depressive symptoms. Participation rate was 80% of the eligible population, and 3,988 adolescents (1,937 boys and 2,051 girls) had complete data for the analyses.Results: Paired samples t tests showed that participants rated their attachment to mothers as slightly more secure than their attachment to fathers (t = 15.94, P < 0.001; boys: t = 5.23, P < 0.001; girls: t = 16.16, P < 0.001). In linear regression analyses there was an association between the outcome, number of depressive symptoms, and more secure attachment to the mother for boys (B=-0.532; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.656, -0.407, P < 0.001) and for girls (B = -0.623; 95% CI -0.730, -0.516, P < 0.001). Analogous results were found for more secure attachment to the father for boys (B = -0.499; 95% CI -0.608, -0.391, P < 0.001) and for girls (B = -0.494; 95% CI -0.586, -0.401, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Understanding the relationship between attachment to both father and mother and depressive symptoms in adolescent boys and girls is essential for further development of strategies for prevention and treatment of depression.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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Transcription Factor Activating Protein-2β (TFAP-2β) genotype and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in relation to symptoms of depression in two independent samples
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 23:4, s. 207-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Transcription Factor Activating Protein-2β (TFAP-2β) gene has been shown to influence monoaminergic neurotransmission, and several genes important for monoaminergic function have binding sites for TFAP-2β. Familial studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest a hereditary-determined subtype of ADHD with comorbid depression. We examined a functional variation of the TFAP-2β gene in the context of co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression in two independent population-based samples of adolescents (Group A, n = 175 and Group B, n = 1,506) from Sweden. Results indicated 6.1 to 7.8 % of adolescents screened positively for ADHD and depression symptoms. Symptoms of depression were more common among girls who screened positively for ADHD and did not carry the nine-repeat allele of the TFAP-2β intron 1 Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) polymorphism. The presence of the nine-repeat variant of the TFAP-2β intron 1 VNTR appears to protect girls with ADHD symptoms from the co-expression of symptoms of depression.
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| 3. |
- Ntini, Iordana, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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The Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale – self-assessment for use in adolescents : an evaluation of psychometric and diagnostic accuracy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 74:6, s. 415-422
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Montgomery-angstrom sberg Depression Rating Scale - Self Assessment (MADRS-S) is used to assess symptom severity in major depressive disorder (MDD) among adolescents, but its psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy are unclear.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore psychometric properties, including diagnostic accuracy, of the MADRS-S in adolescent psychiatric outpatients.Method: Adolescent psychiatric outpatients (N = 105, mean age 16 years, 46 boys) completed the MADRS-S and were interviewed using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS).Results: In principal component analysis, two components with eigenvalues of 4.6 and 1.3 explained 51.1% and 14.4% of the variance, respectively. On the first component loaded items assessing Mood, Feelings of unease, Appetite, Initiative, Pessimism, and Zest for life. On the second component loaded items assessing Sleep, Ability to concentrate, and Emotional involvement. Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) for all items was 0.87. Spearman's rho was 0.68 for concurrent validity (correlation between total MADRS-S-score and K-SADS MDD severity score). In receiver-operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.78-0.93, p < .001). For all the participants, the highest combined sensitivity and specificity were reached using cut-offs of 15 and 16 (sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.86). Optimizing sensitivity for MDD, with specificity still >= 0.5, cut off for all was 9, for boys 7 and for girls 10.Conclusion: Psychometric properties of MADRS-S showed good reliability and validity as well as satisfying diagnostic accuracy, indicating good to excellent properties for MDD screening of adolescent psychiatric patients.
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| 4. |
- Olofsdotter, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiety disorders among adolescents referred to general psychiatry for multiple causes : clinical presentation, prevalence, and comorbidity
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2245-8875. ; 4:2, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reports of anxiety disorder characteristics among youth in clinical settings typically include descriptions of patients who have been specifically referred for anxiety treatment. At odds with a large body of evidence which demonstrates these disorders to be most common among young people, prevalence studies in samples referred to general psychiatry for multiple causes are scarce and report highly discrepant estimates.Methods: For this study and regardless of their presenting symptoms, 125 adolescents (57.6% girls) between the ages of 12 and 18 years who were consecutively referred to two child and adolescent general psychiatry clinics in Sweden were assessed for anxiety disorders and comorbidity using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children. Self-ratings of anxiety symptoms and difficulties with family, school, friends, sleep, and body aches were also obtained.Results: At least one anxiety disorder was found in 46% of participants. Among anxious adolescents, homotypic comorbidity (concurrent anxiety) was observed in 43%, and heterotypic comorbidity (concurrent non-anxiety psychiatric disorders) was observed in 91%. No comorbidity was observed in 5%. Trauma, ache, and difficulties making friends were more common among anxious adolescents as compared with psychiatrically referred adolescents without anxiety.Conclusions: The finding that only 21% of adolescents diagnosed with anxiety disorders were referred for anxiety further supports the routine use of standardized and structured instruments—irrespective of referral cause—to improve both precision and detection rates in the clinical setting. Comprehensive assessments are of utmost importance to fully address the complexity of the symptoms in this patient group.
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| 5. |
- Olofsdotter, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Adolescent Anxiety in General Psychiatric Care : Diagnostic Accuracy of the Swedish Self-Report and Parent Versions of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale
- 2016
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Ingår i: Assessment (Odessa, Fla.). - : SAGE Publications. - 1073-1911 .- 1552-3489. ; 23:6, s. 744-757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the Swedish translations of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, self- and parent report versions, in a sample of 104 adolescents presenting at two general psychiatric outpatient units. Results showed high informant agreement and good internal reliability and concurrent and discriminant validity for both versions and demonstrated that this scale can distinguish between adolescents with and without an anxiety disorder in a non-anxiety-specific clinical setting. The relative clinical utility of different cutoff scores was compared by looking at the extent to which dichotomized questionnaire results altered the pretest probability of the presence of a diagnosis as defined by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children. Optimized for screening and diagnostic purposes in Sweden, cutoff scores obtained in the current study outperformed a previously identified cutoff score derived from an Australian community sample. The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale is a useful clinical instrument for the assessment of anxiety in adolescents.
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| 6. |
- Olofsdotter, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical utility of new cut-off scores for the world health organization ADHD self-report scale among adolescents in psychiatric outpatient care
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1697-2600 .- 2174-0852. ; 23:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous analyses of the proposed cut-off score for the 18-item World Health Organization ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) among psychiatrically referred adolescents have shown limited clinical utility. This prospective study examined the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of new cut-off scores of the ASRS-18 in a consecutive sample of 111 Swedish adolescent psychiatric outpatients. Using the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) as the reference standard and based on predefined sensitivity and specificity criteria, multiple new general and sex-specific cut-off scores were evaluated. Results showed that clinical utility was greater for sex-specific cut-off scores than for general cut-off scores. The greatest change in pre-test to post-test probability of ADHD diagnosis was observed with a balanced, high-specificity diagnostic cut-off score for girls, where the probability of ADHD increased from 40% pre-test to 82% post-test. The proposed new cut-off levels for the ASRS-18 are useful for the detection and identification of ADHD among adolescents in general psychiatric out-patient settings.
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| 7. |
- Rejbrand, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Stand-alone virtual reality exposure therapy as a treatment for social anxiety symptoms : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Upsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 128
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Social anxiety is common and can have far-reaching implications for affected individuals, both on social life and working performance. Usage of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) has gained traction. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effect of stand-alone VRET on social anxiety symptoms.METHOD: We searched systematically in PubMed, Embase, PSYCinfo, and ERIC in May 2022 for studies with participants with social anxiety symptoms receiving stand-alone VRET. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies in a two-step procedure, and the risk of bias was assessed.RESULTS: Of 158 hits, 7 studies were selected for full-text reading, 6 were chosen for evaluation, and 5 were included in meta-analyses. VRET resulted in a significantly lower anxiety score in treated individuals with a standard mean difference of -0.82, 95% confidence interval -1.52 to -0.13, compared to controls.CONCLUSION: Stand-alone VRET may reduce social anxiety symptoms. However, despite promising results, there is still uncertainty as the effect estimate is based on few studies with few participants each and a high risk of bias.
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| 8. |
- Sjölander, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the parent version of the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale for adolescents.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 70:4, s. 255-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the validity of a parent version of the World Health Organization Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale for adolescents (ASRS-AP) and the 6-question screening version (ASRS-AP-S).METHODS: Adolescent psychiatric outpatients (N = 112, mean age 15 years, 40% boys) and their parents were interviewed with the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS), and the parents reported on the ASRS-AP/ASRS-AP-S.RESULTS: Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.93 for ASRS-AP and 0.85 for ASRS-AP-S, 0.91 and 0.87 for the inattention subscale, and 0.91 and 0.72 for the hyperactivity subscale, respectively. The concurrent validity (Spearman's correlation coefficient) between the total K-SADS ADHD symptom severity score and the sum of the score on the ASRS-AP/ASRS-AP-S was 0.75 and 0.66, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy measures for the ASRS-AP and ASRS-AP-S were 78% and 80% sensitivity, 75% and 74% specificity, 73% and 71% positive predictive value (PPV), and 81% and 82% negative predictive value (NPV), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The ASRS-AP and ASRS-AP-S showed high internal consistency and concurrent validity in relation to total K-SADS ADHD symptom severity score. Both scales showed favourable diagnostic accuracy measures.
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| 9. |
- Sonnby, Karin
(författare)
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Co-occurring Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression : Sex, Aetiology, Help-Seeking and Assessment
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of the thesis was to contribute to the knowledge about co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression in adolescence, focusing on sex differences, as well as aetiology, help-seeking and assessment.Studies I–III used epidemiological samples of self-reports from all students in Västmanland aged 15–16 and 17–18 years. Study I investigated the prevalence of co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression, as well as associations between co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression and one environmental stress factor; experience of sexual abuse. Study II examined associations between one biological factor—a polymorphism in TFAP-2β—and co-occurring symptoms of ADHD with andco-occurringsymptoms of depression. Study III investigated the association between the parent–adolescent relationship and seeking help from specialized mental health services in relation to symptoms of ADHD and/or depression. Study IV was a clinical study among adolescent psychiatric patients that compared self-reported ADHD symptoms via the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale–Adolescent version (ASRS-A) and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale–Adolescent–Screening version (ASRS-A-S) with an ADHD diagnosis determined by the gold-standard method; the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia diagnostic interview.Studies I–III showed that the phenotype of co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression is frequent, with a distinct preponderance among girls. Approximately 50% of both boys and girls with co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression had also experienced sexual abuse, indicating that this is a group with multiple risk factors for long-term impaired mental health.Results also support biological sex differences because girls with symptoms of ADHD and a common polymorphism of TFAP-2β (absence of a 9 repeat) reported more symptoms of depression, but boys did not.Further, only 5% of the adolescents with symptoms of ADHD and/or depression sought help from specialized mental health services. The co-occurrence of symptoms of ADHD and depression was a stronger predictor of help-seeking than all other psychosocial factors investigated, including secure attachment cognitions styles to parents. Among help-seeking girls, co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression were more common than symptoms of ADHD without co-occurring symptoms of depression.The ASRS-A/ASRS-A-S showed promising psychometric properties for further validation in adolescentsresults as a screening tool for use in adolescents.
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| 10. |
- Sonnby, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the parent–adolescent relationship on mental health help-seeking
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To investigate help-seeking from specialized mental health services, especially in relation to the parent–adolescent relationship, as measured by attachment, and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or depression and sex.Methods: The study was epidemiological and cross-sectional, and used the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised-Children (ECR-RC9), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener and the Depression Self-Rating Scale-Adolescents. Adolescents, 15 to 18 years old, from the Swedish county of Västmanland participated (N = 4,506, 74% participation rate).Results: Help-seeking was predicted by co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression (OR = 5.4), symptoms of depression (OR = 4.8) and symptoms of ADHD (OR = 2.6), as well as any experience of sexual abuse (OR = 1.7) and being female (OR = 1.6). Secure attachment to parents, assessed with the ECR-RC9, did not increase help-seeking. Furthermore, in interaction analyses secure attachment to parents in combination with experiences of sexual abuse and/or conduct problems, or to be female and have symptoms of ADHD, decreased the probability of help-seeking.Conclusion: Secure attachment, as a measure of the adolescent’s willingness to communicate with their parents about their problems, did not increase help-seeking. Symptoms of ADHD and/or depression predicted help-seeking more than any psychosocial factor.
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