| 2. |
- Shaaban, Rafea, et al.
(författare)
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Allergic rhinitis and onset of bronchial hyperresponsiveness : a population-based study
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 176:7, s. 659-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Patients with allergic rhinitis have more frequent bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in cross-sectional studies. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the changes in BHR in nonasthmatic subjects with and without allergic rhinitis during a 9-year period. METHODS: BHR onset was studied in 3,719 subjects without BHR at baseline, who participated in the follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: BHR was defined as a >or=20% decrease in FEV(1) for a maximum dose of 1 mg of methacholine. Allergic rhinitis was defined as having a history of nasal allergy and positive specific IgE (>or=0.35 IU/ml) to pollen, cat, mites, or Cladosporium. The cumulative incidence of BHR was 9.7% in subjects with allergic rhinitis and 7.0% in subjects with atopy but no rhinitis, compared with 5.5% in subjects without allergic rhinitis and atopy (respective odds ratios [OR] and their 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] for BHR onset, 2.44 [1.73-3.45]; and 1.35 [0.86-2.11], after adjustment for potential confounders including sex, smoking, body mass index and FEV(1)). Subjects with rhinitis sensitized exclusively to cat or to mites were particularly at increased risk of developing BHR (ORs [95% CI], 7.90 [3.48-17.93] and 2.84 [1.36-5.93], respectively). Conversely, in subjects with BHR at baseline (n = 372), 35.3% of those with allergic rhinitis, compared with 51.8% of those without rhinitis had no more BHR at follow-up (OR [95% CI], 0.51 [0.33-0.78]). BHR "remission" was more frequent in patients with rhinitis treated by nasal steroids than in those not treated (OR [95% CI], 0.33 [0.14-0.75]). CONCLUSIONS: Allergic rhinitis was associated with increased onset of BHR, and less chance for remission except in those treated for rhinitis.
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| 3. |
- Shaaban, Rafea, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and bronchial hyperresponsiveness : European Community Respiratory Health Survey II
- 2007
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 62:5, s. 403-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Identification of the risk factors for bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) would increase the understanding of the causes of asthma. The relationship between physical activity and BHR in men and women aged 28.0-56.5 years randomly selected from 24 centres in 11 countries participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II was investigated. Methods: 5158 subjects answered questionnaires about physical activity and performed BHR tests. Participants were asked about the frequency and duration of usual weekly exercise resulting in breathlessness or sweating. BHR was defined as a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s of at least 20% of its post-saline value for a maximum methacholine dose of 2 mg. Results: Both frequency and duration of physical activity were inversely related to BHR. The prevalence of BHR in subjects exercising ≤ 1, 2-3 and ≥4 times a week was 14.5%, 11.6% and 10.9%, respectively (p<0.001). The corresponding odds ratios were 1.00, 0.78 (95% Cl 0.62 to 0.99) and 0.69 (95% Cl 0.50 to 0.94) after controlling for potential confounding factors. The frequency of BHR in subjects exercising <1 h, 1-3 h and ≥4 h a week was 15.9%, 10.9% and 10.7%, respectively (p<0.001). The corresponding adjusted odds ratios were 1.00, 0.70 (95% Cl 0.57 to 0.87) and 0.67 (95% Cl 0.50 to 0.90). Physical activity was associated with BHR in all studied subgroups. Conclusions: These results suggest that BHR is strongly and independently associated with decreased physical activity. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms underlying this association.
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