| 1. |
- Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The value and future of saproxylic diversity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biodiversity in Dead Wood. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521888738 - 9780521717038 ; , s. 402-412
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this final chapter we address some issues that we consider essential for the future of dead wood and its biodiversity. Until now we have mainly focused on the biological aspects of dead wood and have only to a limited extent considered wider topics such as ecosystem functions, the future of forest biodiversity, and the need to disseminate information about the fascinating life in decaying wood. Value of saproxylic diversity We are convinced that the intrinsic value of the saproxylic species is a sufficient motivation for their protection. We can be fascinated by the peculiarity, strangeness and beauty of saproxylic species, and learn tremendously from the intricate interactions between them. But species living in dead wood are also more directly valuable, by providing products, ecological services and option values. Ecological functions, services and resilience The species that colonize and utilize dead trees provide a central ecosystem service, namely the decay of organic matter and the connected recycling of energy and nutrients. The decomposer community, mainly fungi but assisted by a multitude of invertebrates, performs this service at no cost, allowing the other living components of forest ecosystems to thrive. There is a growing awareness that the global loss of species threatens the provision of services such as decay and nutrient turnover. One might ask if the overwhelming variety of species living in wood is really necessary from this perspective. Maybe it would be enough that a few key species are present and that the vast majority of species are actually redundant. In any specific case there is probably no clear and simple answer, but a growing body of evidence suggests that a critical feature in ecosystems is the level of resilience (see, e.g., Rockstr ö m et al., 2009). It is highly unlikely that the exact number of ‘necessary’ species could be dei ned despite the fact that several species may perform the same function, rather than all of them having critical and unique functions
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| 2. |
- Jonsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures to increase substrate availability for red-listed wood-living organisms in Norway spruce forests
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 127:4, s. 443-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important that measures to maintain biodiversity are taken in a way that is cost-effective for the landowner. We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures that aim at increasing the substrate availability for red-listed (species that are threatened, near threatened or where species probably are threatened but data is deficient) saproxylic (wood-inhabiting) organisms. We modelled stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in three regions of Sweden by using computer simulations and a database with substrate requirements of saproxylic beetles and cryptogams on the Swedish Red-List. Conclusions concerning cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures depend on the extinction thresholds of the species they are intended to conserve; measures that generate only small amounts of coarse woody debris (CWD) may provide too little substrate to be useful for species with high extinction thresholds. In northern Sweden, forestland is relatively inexpensive, so a cost-effective strategy to increase the amount of spruce CWD was to set aside more forests as reserves. In central and southern Sweden, more emphasis should instead be given to increasing the amount of CWD in the managed forest. The regulations by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) could be made more cost-effective by prescribing creation of more high stumps and retention of larger amounts of naturally dying trees. Large-sized CWD, CWD from slow-growing trees, and CWD in late decay stages are substrate types that were particularly rare in managed forest in relation to unmanaged forests. Manual soil scarification and retention of living trees are measures that can increase the proportion of these underrepresented CWD types.
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| 3. |
- Stokland, Jogeir N., et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity in Dead Wood
- 2012
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fossils document the existence of trees and wood-associated organisms from almost 400 million years ago, and today there are between 400,000 and 1 million wood-inhabiting species in the world. This is the first book to synthesise the natural history and conservation needs of wood-inhabiting organisms. Presenting a thorough introduction to biodiversity in decaying wood, the book studies the rich diversity of fungi, insects and vertebrates that depend upon dead wood. It describes the functional diversity of these organisms and their specific habitat requirements in terms of host trees, decay phases, tree dimensions, microhabitats and the surrounding environment. Recognising the threats posed by timber extraction and forest management, the authors also present management options for protecting and maintaining the diversity of these species in forests as well as in agricultural landscapes and urban parks.
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| 4. |
- Stokland, Jogeir N, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity in Dead wood Preface
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biodiversity in Dead Wood. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521888738 - 9780521717038
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Stokland, Jogeir N, et al.
(författare)
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Dead wood and sustainable forest management
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biodiversity in Dead Wood. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521717038 ; , s. 302-337
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Stokland, Jogeir N, et al.
(författare)
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Dead wood in agricultural and urban habitats
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biodiversity in dead wood. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521888738 - 9780521717038 ; , s. 380-401
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Stokland, Jogeir N, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of saproxylic organisms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biodiversity in dead wood. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521888738 - 9780521717038 ; , s. 218-247
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Stokland, Jogeir N, et al.
(författare)
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Host-tree assiciations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biodiversity in dead wood. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521888738 - 9780521717038 ; , s. 82-109
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Stokland, Jogeir N., et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biodiversity in Dead Wood. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9781139025843 ; , s. 1-9
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book is about life in dead trees. All over the world one can find a fascinating diversity of life forms in decaying wood – first and foremost a wide variety of fungi and insects. These organisms carry out the hidden but highly important work of wood decomposition. A fundamental question frequently revisited in this book is: ‘Why is the species diversity of wood-inhabiting organisms so tremendously high?’ In most chapters we approach this question indirectly by highlighting the key properties of dead wood, along with the environmental factors and processes that bring about the diversity we can observe. We also discuss species richness explicitly in Chapter 11. There are at least two good reasons for addressing the biodiversity in dead wood. One is that the diversity of wood-inhabiting organisms is a multifaceted and interesting phenomenon that deserves attention for its own sake. Another reason is that this diversity is being seriously threatened due both to the loss and fragmentation of forests and because of the greatly reduced amount of dead wood in managed forests and other woodlands. Thus, we need to understand the role of dead wood for biodiversity in order to manage and maintain it while efficiently utilizing forest resources.
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| 10. |
- Stokland, Jogeir N, et al.
(författare)
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Microhabitats
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biodiversity in dead wood. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521888738 - 9780521717038 ; , s. 150-182
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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