| 1. |
- Nilsson, H C, et al.
(författare)
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Child physical abuse – High school students’ mental health and parental relations depending on who perpetrated the abuse
- 2017
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Ingår i: Child Abuse and Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 70, s. 28-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to contribute to the research of child physical abuse (CPA) by examining if there were any differences in high school students’ mental health (in this study symptoms of depression and anxiety, self-esteem and sense of coherence) and/or, in how they perceive their parents, depending on whether or not they had been subjected to CPA during childhood. In addition, if high school students reported different mental health and/or, relationships with their parents, depending on if their mother, father or both parents were the perpetrators of CPA. A representative national sample of high school students (N = 3288, data collected 2009) participated in the study. Participants completed the following: questions about CPA and alleged perpetrators, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale and Parental Bonding Instrument. The results showed students who reported experiences of CPA were more likely to report symptoms of mental illness and negative perceptions of their parents’ parenting. However, there were no mental health differences depending on whether their mother, father or both parents were the perpetrators of CPA. Still, there were differences in perceived parenting indicating that mothers’ parenting was perceived as more negative when mothers only or both parents were perpetrators of the abuse than when only fathers were perpetrators.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Hedvig, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional Dysregulation and Trauma Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Childhood Abuse and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in adolescents. Emotion dysregulation has been identified as a core mechanism in the development and maintenance of NSSI and it is therefore an important target when addressing NSSI. The pathogenic connection between different kinds of childhood abuse, difficulties in emotion regulation and NSSI needs further investigation. The objective of this study was to examine whether difficulties with emotion regulation and trauma symptoms, separately and together, mediate the relationships between sexual, physical and emotional abuse and NSSI. MethodCross-sectional data was collected from 3,169 adolescent high-school students aged 16-19 years (M = 18.12, SD = 0.45). Data from self-reported experiences of childhood abuse, current difficulties with emotion regulation (measured with the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS-16) and trauma symptoms (measured with the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children, TSCC), and NSSI were collected. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed relationships between variables. ResultsThe prevalence of life-time NSSI was 27.4%. Prevalence of reported childhood abuse was 9.2, 17.5, and 18.0% for sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, respectively. Childhood abuse, difficulties with emotion regulation and trauma symptoms exhibited significant positive associations with NSSI in adolescents. Emotional dysregulation and trauma symptoms were both found to mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and NSSI. Latent variable models were found to fit data well. ConclusionResults indicate that increased levels of emotional dysregulation and trauma symptoms in relation to childhood abuse contribute to the increased risk of NSSI. Further, results point to some aspects of emotional dysregulation and trauma symptoms being more important in this regard. Clinical implications are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Bladh, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of educational failure at 16 and 19 years of age : SESBiC longitudinal study
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Educational attainment is highly associated with future health and independence. Throughout childhood, children are exposed to factors that may promote educational attainment and factors that may be associated with a reduced likelihood of being able to complete their education. The purpose of the current study was to investigate which factors, measured from birth up to finishing upper secondary school, were associated with a lower mean grade point average from lower and upper secondary school as well as eligibility to upper secondary school and college/university.METHODS: This is a longitudinal study on 1723 children born in 1995/1996 who have been followed until they were 20 years old. Information with respect to maternal sociodemographics, maternal stress factors during pregnancy and childhood, birth characteristics of the child, child behavior at 3 and 12 years of age, and mean grade point average from lower and upper secondary school, including eligibility to upper secondary school and college/university was collected.RESULTS: Children exhibiting high problems scores on the child behavior checklist at 12 years of age and children or having other living arrangements (e.g. foster parents or institutional care) were less likely to fulfill the requirements for upper secondary school (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17-0.71 and OR = 0.33 95% CI = 0.17-0.65, respectively). The likelihood of fulfilling the requirements to college/university was lower if the child had divorced parents at three years of age (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16-0.58) and exhibited externalizing problems at 12 years of age (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.24-0.86) and if the mother had experienced high level of stress at (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14-0.77).CONCLUSION: Identifying mothers with high level of stressors as well as children with externalizing behaviour problems to provide guidance and support is very important as these two factors appear to be associated with future study performance in both lower and upper secondary school.
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| 4. |
- Briere, John
(författare)
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TSCC, Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children : Manual Supplement, svensk version
- 2010
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- TSCC är ett självrapporteringsformulär som mäter posttraumatisk stress och relaterade symptom. Instrumentet är avsett att användas för barn och ungdomar som har upplevt traumatiska händelser såsom fysiska eller sexuella övergrepp, dödsfall av närstående, naturkatastrofer eller bevittnat hot och våld. TSCC mäter ett brett spektrum av traumatiska symptom och lämpar sig framförallt för screening men kan också användas för att utvärdera effekter av psykoterapeutiska interventioner.
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| 5. |
- Briere, John
(författare)
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TSCYC, Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children : Manual, Svensk version
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- TSCYC är ett frågeformulär som används för att mäta ett brett spektrum av akuta eller kroniska posttraumatiska symptom hos barn som har upplevt traumatiska händelser såsom övergrepp eller misshandel eller har bevittnat våld i hemmet eller i sin närmiljö. Den svenska versionen av TSCYC har översatts av docent Doris Nilsson och professor Carl-Göran Svedin som även har översatt, normerat och standardiserat den svenska versionen av traumainstrumentet TSCC för äldre barn och ungdomar.Den svenska standardiseringen och normeringen av TSCYC har gjorts i en grupp om 629 barn ur normalpopulation och en klinisk grupp om 59 barn i åldrarna 3–11 år. Normerna är uppdelade utifrån ålder och kön.TSCYC-formuläret innehåller 90 frågor och handlar om olika typer av traumasymptom som barnet kan uppvisa. Frågorna besvaras av barnets förälder eller vårdnadshavare. TSCYC ger en detaljerad utvärdering av posttraumatiska symptom på åtta kliniska skalor. En summaskala ger värdefull information om akuta och kroniska symptom samt andra vanligt förekommande symptom hos traumatiserade barn. PTSD-diagnosbladet, som ingår i svarsblanketten, kan användas som stöd i evalueringen av möjlig PTSD-diagnos.
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| 6. |
- Donevan, Meghan, Affilierad forskare, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' Use of Pornography : Trends over a Ten-year Period in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of Sexual Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0004-0002 .- 1573-2800. ; 51, s. 1125-1140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using survey data from three nationally representative surveys in 2004, 2009, and 2014 among senior high school students in Sweden, this study investigates trends in adolescents' lifetime prevalence of pornography use, frequency of pornography use, and type of pornography used over time. While almost all boys and a considerable proportion of girls used pornography across the three waves, the lifetime prevalence of pornography use decreased overall for both girls and boys. The share of boys who use pornography frequently increased over the three survey cycles; those who reported using pornography daily increased from 11% in 2004 to 24% in 2014. In contrast, there was no change in girls who reported using pornography daily, while the proportion who never used pornography increased from 40% in 2004 to 51% in 2014. Adolescents appear to use a narrower range of different pornography types over the survey cycles. Multiple logistic regression models were generated to investigate factors associated with pornography use over the 10-year period. The results suggest that rule-breaking behavior, having higher economic status and higher academic achievement were related to boy's pornography use, while rule-breaking behavior, early sexual debut and victimization were associated with girls' pornography use.
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| 7. |
- Donevan, Meghan, Affilierad forskare, et al.
(författare)
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Osynliga brottsoffer : Intervjustudie bland personer som blivit filmade eller fotograferade för pornografiproduktion
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I december 2022 gavs forskare vid Marie Cederschiöld högskola i uppdrag av den statliga utredningen “Skydd, stöd och vård för personer som har utsatts för övergrepp vid produktion eller distribution av pornografi” (A 2022:02) att utföra en kvalitativ forskningsstudie riktad mot vuxna som blivit filmade eller fotograferade för pornografiproduktion.Syftet med studien var att få en djupare insikt i situationen för människor som förekommer i pornografi med fokus på utsattheten för våld och dess följder, samt behovet av och tillgängligheten till skydd, stöd och vård. Studien har främst en kvalitativ design, men innehåller även kvantitativa inslag.Metoden som användes innebar att deltagarna rekryterades via en annons, distribuerad genom sociala medier och på fysiska mottagningar med stöd av offentliga aktörer och ideella organisationer. Totalt intervjuades 26 personer mellan 26 mars och 19 juni 2023. Intervjun bestod av en kvantitativ enkät och en djupintervju som berörde ämnen som uppväxt, våldsutsatthet i samband med pornografi, hälsostatus, erfarenheter av att söka stöd och aktuella behov. Kvantitativ data bearbetades med deskriptiv statistik via SPSS, medan kvalitativ data analyserades genom reflexiv tematisk analys.Resultaten från enkätundersökningen visade att majoriteten av deltagarna var under 18 år då första inspelningen av pornografi gjordes och majoriteten hade erfarenheter av såväl olika former av traumatiska händelser under uppväxten som ogynnsamma uppväxtvillkor. Alla utom en hade erfarenheter av sexuella övergrepp under uppväxten. Majoriteten av deltagarna beskrev också i enkäten ett tvång och en våldsutsatthet under själva pornografiproduktionen. Deras hälsa präglades av långvarig psykisk ohälsa där ångest, depression, posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD) och dissociation var framträdande. De flesta hade någon gång blivit diagnosticerade med en eller flera psykiatriska diagnoser och varit i kontakt med många olika myndigheter/vårdgivare.Resultaten från djupintervjuerna strukturerades kring tre specifika faser i samband med pornografiproduktion: “In”, “Under” och “Ut”. Trots varierande erfarenheter kunde gemensamma faktorer identifieras som kollektivt bidrog till inträdet i pornografiproduktion. Bland dessa var systematiska svek, ofta manifesterade som försummelse och våldsutsatthet under uppväxten, där både vuxna och samhället svikit individen. En påtaglig känsla av ensamhet framhölls också som en drivande faktor, vilket ledde till att många kände sig tvungna att navigera sina sårbarheter på egen hand. Inträdet i pornografiproduktion representerade ofta en kamp för såväl ekonomisk som psykisk överlevnad.Fasen inne i pornografiproduktion präglades av fortsatt våld och en hög grad av utsatthet för olika typerav brott. Medverkan i egenproducerad eller studioproducerad pornografi framstod som en strävan efter kontroll efter att tidigare ha blivit berövade på makt och autonomi genom våldsutsatthet och exploatering. Berättelserna illustrerar nödvändigheten av att anta en roll när sexuella handlingar utförs mot ersättning, där individen agerar utifrån köparens förväntningar och krav. Samtliga deltagare uttryckte en rädsla för att hamna i det offentliga rummet till följd av materialets spridning—något som kändes oundvikligt. Denna rädsla var rotad i oron över att bli stämplade som mindre värd–”en hora”. Berättelserna belyser en process av normalisering och integrering av en negativ självbild, en konsekvens av upprepade svek och systematiskt våld.För de som blivit filmade eller fotograferade för pornografiproduktion under en längre tid, var resan “Ut” komplex och fylld med hinder och en hög risk för återfall. Intervjupersonerna lyfte ofta en specifik händelse som vändpunkten för att påbörja sin utgång, men många behöll en fot kvar i pornografiska sammanhang på grund av brist på alternativ och rätt stöd. Berättelserna understryker behovet av adekvat stöd och hjälp i form av professionella med kunskap och förståelse, behandling som adresserar grundorsakerna, insatser som fokuserar på individens komplexa behov, samt ett samhälle som tar våld på allvar. Framför allt handlade resan ut om att få omformulera jaget, från att ses som “en hora” som “får skyllasig själv” till att erkännas som ett brottsoffer.Deltagarna lyfte även fram viktiga medskick och råd till olika målgrupper. Till allmänheten underströk de behovet av förståelse och empati, grundad på en kunskap om verkligheten inom pornografiproduktionen snarare än föreställningar om “frivillighet”. Deltagarna ville förmedla till unga att trots den tillsynes lockande natur av plattformar som OnlyFans, är de negativa konsekvenserna aldrig värt det – och deras budskap är klart: gör inte det! Till konsumenter och köpare uppmanade deltagarna till att se bakom kameran, att förstå den mörka och skadliga industrin som deras konsumtion understöder. Och slutligen, för professionella, betonade de nödvändigheten av att fånga upp och ta ett helhetsgrepp, där effektiv screening, ett gott bemötande och hänvisning till specialiserad behandling blir nyckeln till resan ut ur pornografiproduktion.Avslutningsvis innehåller rapporten en diskussion med specifika rekommendationer om hur samhället kan stärka sitt skydd, stöd och vård för dessa osynliga brottsoffer, så att de får möjligheten att lämna våldets skugga bakom sig.
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| 8. |
- Fredlund, Cecilia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' motives for selling sex in a welfare state - A Swedish national study
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 81, s. 286-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to money or other compensation, other motives for selling sex may be important in a welfare country such as Sweden. The aim of this study was to carry out an exploratory investigation of adolescents' motives for selling sex in a population-based survey in Sweden. A total of 5839 adolescents from the third year of Swedish high school, mean age 18.0 years, participated in the study. The response rate was 59.7% and 51 students (0.9%) reported having sold sex. Exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify groups of adolescents according to underlying motives for selling sex. Further analyses were carried out for characteristics of selling sex and risk factors. Three groups of adolescents were categorized according to their motives for selling sex: Adolescents reporting; 1) Emotional reasons, being at a greater risk of sexual abuse, using sex as a means of self-injury and having a non-heterosexual orientation. 2) Material but no Emotional reasons, who more often receive money as compensation and selling sex to a person over 25 years of age, and 3) Pleasure or no underlying motive for selling sex reported, who were mostly heterosexual males selling sex to a person under 25 years of age, the buyer was not known from the Internet, the reward was seldom money and this group was less exposed to penetrative sexual abuse or using sex as a means of self-injury. In conclusion, adolescents selling sex are a heterogeneous group in regard to underlying motives.
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| 9. |
- Fredlund, Cecilia, 1984-
(författare)
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Adolescents Selling Sex and Sex as Self-Injury
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are today only a few population-based studies in the world investigating the prevalence of and associated risk-factors with adolescents selling sex and so far no earlier population-based study has been found investigating adolescents motives for selling sex. Further, to use sex in means of self-injury (SASI) is a behaviour that has been highlighted in Sweden the last years but it is a new field of research and a behaviour in need of conceptualization.The aim of this thesis was to investigate the prevalence of, associated risk factors with, motives for and manifestations of adolescents selling sex and the use of sex as self-injury (SASI). For the thesis, two nationally representative cross-sectional population surveys with third year students at Swedish high schools were collected in 2009 (n = 3498, mean age 18.3 +/- 0.6 years, response rate 60.4%) and in 2014 (n = 5839, mean age 18.0 +/- 0.6 years, response rate 59.7%). Further, the motives and manifestations of SASI were investigated in an anonymous self-selected, open-ended questionnaire published on websites of non-governmental organizations offering help and support to women and adolescents (n = 199, mean age 27.9 +/- 9.3 years). Quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data analyses.In the 2009 population-based survey, 1.5% (n = 51) of the adolescents reported having sold sex on at least one occasion, but in 2014 the prevalence was slightly lower at 0.9% (n = 51). SASI was reported by 3.2% of girls (n = 100) and 0.8% of boys (n = 20). Both selling sex and SASI were associated with various adverse factors such as experience of sexual abuse, emotional and physical abuse, poor mental health and self-injury. Adolescents selling sex had sought help and support for different problems and worries to a greater extent compared to peers. Contact with healthcare for various psychiatric problems such as suicide attempts, depression and eating disorders was common for adolescents using SASI. Further analysis showed that adolescents selling sex are a heterogeneous group in regard to underlying motives for selling sex, which included emotional and material reasons as well as pleasure. Depending on their underlying motives, adolescents selling sex were found to differ in regard to compensation received, age of the buyer, means of contact with the buyer, sexual orientation, experience of sexual abuse and the use of SASI. By using data from an open-ended questionnaire, SASI was described as deliberate or self-inflicted sexual situations that could include psychological and physical harm. SASI was used as a way to regulate negative feelings, such as anxiety, or to get positive or negative confirmation and the behaviour could be hard to stop.In conclusion, selling sex and SASI occurs among Swedish adolescents and the behaviours are associated with sexual, physical and emotional abuse and poor mental health, including trauma symptoms. In regard of the motives and manifestations of SASI, the behaviour could be compared to direct self-injurious behaviours. Data from this thesis suggest that more attention should be paid in healthcare to recognizing adolescents selling sex and SASI in order to prevent further traumatization and victimization.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD symptoms and maturity - A study in primary school children
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:2, s. 233-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study if age and non-behavioural measures of biological maturity have any associations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Two hundred fifty-one children 7 to 9 years of age in a Swedish school were screened for ADHD-symptom. ADHD-symptoms were estimated by Conners Abbreviated Questionnaire by both parents and teachers. Motor function, body weight and body height were measured. Skeletal age was estimated through hand radiographs. Results: Height, weight and skeletal bone-age did correlate significantly with age (rs = 0.44-0.69, p < 0.001) but not with ADHD symptom scores. Motor dysfunction had a weak negative correlation with age (rs = -0.21, p < 0.05). Parent and teacher scores of ADHD-symptoms did not correlate with age. Conclusion: This study showed that the variables measuring general biological maturity had a strong association with age, whereas motor dysfunction and ADHD symptoms had no significant association with age. ADHD symptoms did not correlate with the variables measuring general biological maturity. These results do not support the hypothesis that a general biological immaturity is an important etiologic factor for ADHD symptomatology. © 2007 The Author(s).
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