| 1. |
- Hartung, Kerstin, 1989-
(författare)
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Paths to improving atmospheric models across scales : The importance of the unresolved scales
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Correct representation of physical processes, the parametrizations, and their interaction with the resolved circulation is crucial for the performance of numerical models. Here, focus is put on understanding model biases and developing tools to alleviate existing biases. Atmospheric blocking can divert the typical atmospheric flow for several days up to weeks and thereby impacts the mean climate of the region experiencing blocking. Models typically underestimate the frequency of atmospheric blocking. Based on results from the global climate model EC-Earth, it is found that the atmospheric model resolution is not strongly influencing the representation of atmospheric blocking once the grid reaches about 80 km grid length in the horizontal. Updating several physical parametrizations, and thereby the model version, is the largest contributor to advancements in simulating atmospheric blocking. The importance of the topography for the large-scale atmospheric flow is further investigated with the reanalysis ERA-Interim by applying a simplified theoretical analysis. It is found that the idealized topographic forcing theory can explain some part of the observed large-scale properties of the flow, though the method does mainly produce relative results. The explained part of the large-scale structure is increased during periods of northwesterly flow and when the flow impinges the mountain ridge almost orthogonally.Small-scale processes acting in air masses transported from midlatitudes to the Arctic are also discussed. Numerical models often struggle with representing the stable conditions in the Arctic and tend to underestimate the downward longwave impact during cloudy conditions. A comparison of single-column models (SCMs) indicates that most models can capture the bimodal longwave distribution which develops from alternating cloudy and clear-sky conditions. SCMs are often used for model development as they allow to decouple the parametrized physical processes from the large-scale environment and enable many parameter sensitivity tests. A new tool is presented which can be used for the development of physical parametrizations in marine and polar conditions. It combines one-dimensional models of the atmosphere and ocean, including sea-ice, into a coupled atmosphere-ocean SCM (AOSCM). The presented setup constitutes an advantage compared to SCMs of one component because the coupling is directly modelled and the interaction between the respective boundary layers does not dependent on prescribed boundary conditions.
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| 2. |
- Jeppsson, Fredrik, 1975-
(författare)
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Characterization of Diagnostic Tools and Potential Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease : PET ligands and BACE1 inhibitors
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a very complex disorder and the most common form of dementia. The two pathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in cerebral cortex, and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. In the early stages of the disease it can be difficult to accurately diagnose AD, as it is difficult to distinguish from normal signs of aging. There is thus a need for sensitive non-invasive tools, able to detect pathophysiological biomarker changes. One such approach is molecular imaging of Aβ plaque load in brain, using PET (positron emission tomography) ligands.We have developed and characterized two novel Aβ plaque neuroimaging PET ligands, AZD2184 and AZD4694. The 2-pyridylbenzothiazole derivate AZD2184, is a 11C-labeled PET ligand with a higher signal-to-background ratio compared to the widely used PET ligand PIB, a 11C-labeled phenylbenzothiazole based tool. This makes it possible to detect smaller changes in Aβ plaque deposition load, and therefore theoretically, also earlier diagnosis. A drawback with 11C-labeled PET ligands is the relatively short half-life. To meet the need for PET ligands with a longer half-life, we developed the pyridylbenzofuran derivate [18F]AZD4694. Although development of fluorinated radioligands is challenging due to the lipophilic nature of aromatic fluorine, we successfully developed a 18F-labeled PET ligand with a signal-to-background ratio matching PIB, the most widely used 11C-labeled PET ligand in clinical use. 3H-labeled derivates of AZD2184, AZD4694, and PIB, showed lower binding specificity towards Aβ plaques containing ApoE. The ApoE genotype per se did not significantly affect ligand binding, instead, the amount of ApoE incorporated to the Aβ plaques appears to be of importance for the binding characteristics of these amyloid PET ligands.Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) mediates the first step in the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to Aβ peptides, making BACE1 inhibition an attractive therapeutic target in AD. We developed and characterized three novel BACE1 inhibitors, AZD3839, AZ-4217, and AZD3293. AZD3839 and AZ-4217 contains an amidine group which interacts with the catalytic aspartases Asp-32 and Asp-228 of BACE1, effectively inhibiting the enzyme. All three compounds are potent and selective inhibitors of human BACE1, with in vitro potency demonstrated in several cellular models, including primary cortical neurons. All three compound exhibited dose- and time-dependent lowering of plasma, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ levels in several species, and two of the compounds (AZD3839 and AZD3293) were progressed into clinical trials.
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| 3. |
- Odhnoff, Sissela
(författare)
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Mellan det förflutna och framtiden : En studie av hyresgästföreningen på 2000-talet
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis is a study of the Swedish Union of Tenants, an organisation with a long popular movement history, working in an ever-changing environment.The Swedish Union of Tenants is one of the major popular movements and has strongly influenced Swedish housing policy development including the 1978 reform concerning tenants’ right to negotiate rents collectively. Although it is a powerful organisation it is repeatedly exposed to external pressures for change on an issue it considers highly important including the 1978 reform. The purpose of the thesis is to generate knowledge concerning how an old popular movement organisation is affected by its external environment and how it reacts when traditions and institutions are exposed to contemporary pressures for change. The thesis investigates the Swedish Union of Tenants’ strategies for safeguarding the interests of its members as well as other tenants. Thre einstitutions within the framework of the organisation’s operations are examined in the thesis: the collective model of negotiations, tenant participation in decision making and the membership. The empirical materials primarily consist of internal organisational documents and interviews. The theoretical starting point has been institutional logics, organisational logics, logics of action and path dependency. The results portray how the complex operations of the organisation spur conflicts of interest whilst, at the same time, the operations mutually reinforce each other. Furthermore, the results demonstrate how the organisation’s operations interact with its environment to safeguard the interests of members and other tenants. Using my theoretical concepts, I have developed a model for the analysis of a complex organisation and the interactions within the organisation’s operational functions as well as with the external environment.
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| 4. |
- Sjögren, Jessica, 1974-
(författare)
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Med relationen som redskap? : Om socialsekreterare, klientarbete och professionalitet i socialtjänsten
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna avhandling är att belysa hur socionomer talar om relationen och dess betydelse för klientarbete inom socialtjänsten. Relationen mellan socialarbetare och klient beskrivs ofta som ett kärnområde i socialt arbete, som ”praktikens hjärta”, men ämnet är också laddat i det sociala arbetet diskurs. I debatter om evidensbaserat socialt arbete beskrivs exempelvis relationsbaserat arbete ibland som en motpol till standardiserade arbetsmetoder. I denna avhandling undersöks en del av socionomers yrkespraktik som inte alltid förknippas med goda relationer – socialt arbete i socialtjänstens myndighetsutövande praktiker. Avhandlingen har ett professionsperspektiv och socialsekreterares tal om relationens betydelse förstås i förhållande till socionomprofessionens kunskapsbas och professionella identitet. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med 20 socionomer som har erfarenhet av arbetet som socialsekreterare. Det empiriska materialet har bearbetats genom tematisk analys och med hjälp av begreppen diskretion, professionell identitet, diskursuniversum och doxa. Avhandlingen har en teoretiserande ansats och resultaten tolkas och diskuteras utifrån metaforen ”att använda relationen som redskap”. Socialsekreterarna beskriver relationen till klienterna som viktig och som något de använder i sitt arbete. I många fall handlar deras reflektioner också om rollen som socialsekreterare och om gränserna för professionalitet i socialtjänsten. Socialsekreterarna talar dock inte explicit om relationen till klienterna som professionsspecifik kunskap utan relationens positiva betydelse beskrivs som något de alltid har vetat. Resultaten i avhandlingen ger fördjupad förståelse för hur relationen, och talet om dess betydelse, kan användas som ett professionellt redskap i socialt arbete.
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| 5. |
- Callegari, Julia, 1988-
(författare)
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Att göras fri från skuld : Konstruktioner av klientskap och kön i det svenska skuldsaneringssystemet
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies how over-indebted women and men are constructed as clients within the Swedish debt reconstruction system. The aim is to contribute with knowledge about how over-indebted women and men are understood, problematised, and handled in research literature and the debt reconstruction system. The focus is on analysing the client identities that are constructed when over-indebted women and men are described and describe themselves, highlight how these descriptions relate to dominant understandings about over-indebtedness and gender, and consider their implications for the support provided.The thesis is based on four substudies and the empirical material consists of research literature, focus group interviews and individual interviews with budget- and debt counsellors, documentation, and letters attached to applications for debt reconstruction written by over-indebted women and men. Deriving from a constructionist approach, the study draws on theories about how clienthoods are constructed through language use in human service organisations and how prevailing societal norms and notions condition this process.The results show that descriptions made by and about over-indebted women and men portray their underlying reasons for the debt problems, ability to manage money, and help-need in a variety of ways. As a consequence, the descriptions are found to contain elements that both challenge and reproduce dominant understandings about over-indebted individuals being financially irresponsible or ignorant. Prevailing conceptions about gender and women and men’s financial skills are found to influence how the individuals responsibility for the debt problems, and capability to solve their financial predicaments, are portrayed. The result show that descriptions made by and about over-indebted women and men thereby construct client identities that are attributed with varying responsibilities and capabilities, shaping how the budget- and debt counsellors approaches the individual and the content of the support provided. The conclusion is that the process of constructing clienthoods in part is conditioned by prevailing societal notions, but also has potential to challenge dominant notions emphasising citizens’ responsibility for creating welfare.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Kerstin, bitr. professor, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Samverkan för högre övergångstal : Om logiker hos Norrköpings kommun och Linköpings universitet
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport har sin grund i det samverkansavtal som finns mellan Linköpings universitet och Norrköpings kommun. Med detta avtal som utgångspunkt genomfördes en kunskaps och forskningsöversikt våren 2019som utvecklas och diskuteras i föreliggande rapport.1 Rapporten beskriver och diskuterar det som här benämns Norrköpings kommun och Linköpings universitets logiker kopplade till högre utbildning. Dessa logiker jämförs även med en grupp ungas utbildningsstrategier.Statistik sammanställd av Norrköpings kommun (2018) visar att utbildningsnivån bland kommunens invånare är något lägre i Norrköping i förhållande till de kommuner man jämfört med samt till riket i stort. Enligt denna statistik är även övergångstalen från gymnasieskola till universitet och högskola lägre i Norrköpings kommun. Bland Norrköpings politiker och kommunstyrelse finns en uttalad stark ambition att höja dessa siffror och arbetet för att höja utbildningsnivån är ett prioriterat område inom flera av kommunens verksamheter (Vision 2035; Utbildningskontorets uppdragsplan 2019). Detta finns även med som en målsättning i det strategiska samverkansavtalet mellan Norrköpings kommun och Linköpings universitet. En ytterligare målsättning som finns formulerat i detta avtal är att antalet studenter på Campus Norrköping ska öka. I enlighet med avtalet ska de två aktörerna tillsammans arbeta för nå dessa mål. I den sammantagna bilden av kommunens logiker ryms idéer om livslångt lärande, jämlikhet och kompensatoriska insatser, vilka kopplas till en idé om bildning. Samtidigt uttrycks även logiker som refererar till att universitetsverksamheten är en möjliggörande kraft och grundläggande resurs som bidrar till kommunens välgång och utveckling.Den sammantagna bilden av universitetets logiker å sin sida kan utifrån denna studies fokus tolkas som vilande på en marknadsföringslogik. Studentrekrytering till universitetet konstrueras (eller med ett mer vardagligt begrepp synliggöras) som synonymt med marknadsföring, och utbildningar beskrivs som varor som ska säljas. Marknadsföringslogiken förgrenas även i en slags ekonomisk logik, eftersom marknadsföringen grundar sig på – och måste förhålla sig till – de ekonomiska förutsättningarna.Här framträder alltså en konflikt mellan kommunens och universitetets logiker, som kan exemplifieras med den nationellt, men även lokalt i Norrköpings kommun, rådande lärarbristen. Kommunen har ett stort behov av utbildade lärare och tycks ha vissa förväntningar på, eller åtminstone förhoppningar om, att Linköpings universitet kan fylla en viktig funktion i utbildandet av de lärare som kommunen behöver. Ett sätt att förstå detta är utifrån marknadsföringslogiken och dess konsekvenser: när studentrekryteringen sker baserat på en tanke om att ”sälja” mest och bäst, så är lärarutbildningarna inte de som anses vara ”häftigast” eller mest säljbara. Ett annat betydande resultat i studien, vilket diskuteras i kapitel 6, handlar om hur Norrköpings kommun resonerar utifrån den uttalade målsättningen om ett behov av att höja utbildningsnivån i kommunen. Tanken om att vara en ”bra” kommun knyts samman med tanken om att ha hög utbildningsnivå. Med andra ord är det föreställningarna om och bilderna av vad en bra kommun är som utgör grund för kommunens mål och visioner om höjd utbildningsnivå.Idén om universitetsutbildning som ett ideal är centralt även i ungas sätt att förstå och prata om högre utbildning. Ungdomarnas logik refererar på ett tydligt sätt till ett framtidsperspektiv. Nästan samtliga informanter vill plugga vidare efter studenten, och det motiveras av en föreställning om att det innebär bättre framtidsutsikter. På så vis framträder ungdomarnas logik som att utbildning är synonymt med ett gott framtida liv. I speglingen mot universitetsutbildningens möjliggörande funktioner konstrueras också deras yrkesexamen som barnskötare som ett ”sämre alternativ” och barnskötarprofessionen betraktas som något de kan ägna sig åt tillfälligt, i väntan på att de ska få lust att börja plugga.Vidare utgör samverkan och komplexiteter i samverkan också ett huvudresultat. Samverkan är en självklarhet och utgör en central och gemensam (mellan LiU och Norrköpings kommun) tydligt uttalad ambition. Dock menar vi att på flera punkter finns oklarhet och parternas samverkan i frågor om utbildning och bildning kan behöva definieras mer specifikt avseende tex. parterna uppdrag och mål. Dessa frågor är kopplade till kommunens utveckling avseende tex. sysselsättning och arbetsmarknadspolitik, välfärd samt forskningspolitik.Med denna rapport vill vi uppmärksamma några avgränsade aspekter av en komplex helhet. Vi är medvetna om att de skillnaderna i logik mellan aktörerna som rapporten belyser bland annat handlar om universitets domäner och kommunens lokala ansvar, men vi menar att denna rapport kan bidra med kunskap om samverkan mellan två viktiga samhällsaktörer.
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| 7. |
- Kronkvist, Ola, 1968-
(författare)
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Om sanningen skall fram : polisförhör med misstänkta för grova brott
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis has explored the context of police interviews with suspects of serious crimes. Focus group studies, a case study and additional interviews have shown several aspects of information flow, decision making, interviewing tactics, human rights and tacit knowledge as these interviews are planned, performed and evaluated.The informants, homicide investigators, describe their work as an information generating and information evaluating process. They apply a series of methods, e. g. different forms of tactics in the use of investigative information during the police interviews. Based on the informants’ description and the case study, their methods seem to have research evidence in general, where such is available. The informants specifically stress the important role of planning and evaluation.The investigative process generates a vast amount of situations where decision making is needed. In these, the bases for the decisions are mainly the information flow of the investigation, which tends to be obscure and in constant change. The investigators’ decision making is thereby exposed to the risk of confirmation bias. The informants express an ambition to work objectively and to presume the suspects’ innocence. However, this generates a psychological conflict, which might affect the human rights of the suspect in negative ways. The informants describe several ways to handle this conflict.The informants describe that they have several concerns when making decisions. These can be categorized as legal, organizational and tactical concerns. Taken together, legal rule conflicts and the organizational ambition to lead the investigators in a target oriented way using quantitative measures, result in strong incitements for investigations to be finalized when they are good enough, rather than when they are good.The informants describe their profession as one where it is possible to develop expertise and where tacit knowledge plays an important role. When previous research on tacit knowledge is combined with the interview results, there seems to be a level between the tacit and the explicit knowledge. I have called this low-key knowledge. This low-key knowledge can be verbalized in the proper context in communication among those initiated in the subject at hand. The low-key knowledge also seems to risk being over-voiced in certain contexts.
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| 8. |
- Lind, Kerstin, 1964-
(författare)
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Textila konstmöten : Konstslöjdanstalten i Lund 1897–1932
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med den här avhandlingen är att skapa förståelse för den textila konstens kunskapscirkulation med utgångspunkt från Konstslöjdanstalten vid Kulturen i Lund 1897–1932, med inriktning på dess historiska kontext, organisation och textila produktion. Avhandlingen belyser hur Sveriges utbredda textila kunskapskapital och traditioner samt idéer och utbildningsambitioner kring konst och hantverk skapade ett textilt kunskapslandskap kopplat till dåvarande kulturhistoriska idéer. Vidare visar avhandlingen hur ett omfattande textilt kunskapssystem bildades, genom vilket aktörer främjade idéer som stödde och utvecklade den textila konsten. I detta kunskapssystem framstår hushållningssällskapen som en betydande agent för kunskapscirkulationen. Konstslöjdanstalten har dessutom synliggjorts som en aktör i det samlade textila kunskapslandskapet. Dess textilverksamhet fungerade på liknande sätt som andra textilproducenter men utifrån Kulturens kunskapssystem – den treenighet som utgjordes av Kulturens museum, Sydsvenska konstindustrilotteriet och Konstslöjdanstalten. Kunskapen om kulturhistoria omformades genom verksamhetens textila konst och bidrog till folkbildningen: vad gäller kulturhistoria, textilteknik och konst. I avhandlingen tolkas både arkivkällor och bildmaterial – Konstslöjdanstaltens textila konst – för att beakta aspekter av hur kunskap verkade, cirkulerade och kopplade samman kulturhistoria, konst och hantverk. Olika aktörers kunskapsfärdigheter (episteme, techne, fronesis) och kunskapshandlingar (theoria, praxis, poiesis) analyseras i samband med de textila kunskapsprocesserna. Genom de sammanvävda analyserna av arkiv, bilder och kunskapscirkulation har det varit möjligt att urskilja såväl kunskapsprocesser som aktörers färdigheter och handlingar.
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| 9. |
- Pålsson, David, 1986-
(författare)
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The Prerequisites and Practices of Auditing Residential Care : On the Licensing and Inspection of Residential Homes for Children in Sweden
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to describe and analyse the prerequisites and practices of auditing Swedish residential care for children. Residential care is a complex intervention provided to children in vulnerable life situations. The care is extensively delivered by private providers and shows difficulties in demonstrating clearly positive treatment effects. Licensing and inspections are policy instruments to address alleged quality problems in decentralised and marketised welfare services. However, in research there are mixed opinions on the ability of audits to generate improved service quality.The dissertation consists of four papers exploring central facets of the audit system. The empirical material is based on interviews (n=50) with inspectors and residential staff, documentation (n=286) in terms of guidelines and license/inspection decisions and observations (n=12) at inspection-related events. Each paper includes a unique set of data.Paper I analyses the controls that private residential homes undergo prior to their entry into the market. The results show that a majority of applicants are granted a license and that the controls do not reduce the need for ex post control. There is limited guidance on care content and research evidence is weakly incorporated in the controls. Overall, the state exerts limited influence over the composition and professional development of the care market.Paper II explores the operationalisation process of care quality in inspections. The results show that the standards display a marked variation and there is no differentiation between different residential homes. In general, the standards focus on reducing malpractice and not maximising care quality. In practice, the inspections are often discussion-based and standards relating to work with children are often indistinct.Paper III analyses how inspections are perceived by representatives from residential homes. The results show that inspections induce reflection and to some extent shape the administrative parts of care, but also that it is difficult to discern the actual impact of the inspections on the work. The inspections appear to bring a degree of stability and legitimacy to the work, but there are sometimes tensions between standards and professional judgment.Paper IV studies the influence the inspection process grants children in care. The results suggest that different inspectorial rationales (regulative, supportive and protective) may influence the agency children exert and that it is difficult to allow children’s views to have a substantial impact on the process. Overall, there tends to be a gap between what the children find important and what the audits can address in concrete terms.The theoretical ideas used to analyse the results are derived from institutional organisational theory and the thesis on the audit society. The overall analysis shows that 1) making certain core care aspects auditable and ensuring their impact is difficult (e.g., children-staff relationships, children’s views and use of research knowledge), 2) the system has a restrained character and is in many senses associated with inconclusive formative effects, 3) the use of uniform goals does not necessarily equal a more suitable care provision and 4) the audits signify strong symbolic values. Despite the limitations, the audits may help to discipline care providers, secure a minimum level relative to the audited care aspects and induce reflection among auditees.
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| 10. |
- Strääf, Maria, 1962-
(författare)
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In Between Cultures : Franco-American Encounters in the Work of Edith Wharton
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a study of how the American author Edith Wharton (1862-1937) in a number of novels and short stories written between 1876 and 1937 depicts cultural encounters between Americans and Europeans, mostly Frenchmen. Chiefly concerned with Fast and Loose, “The Last Asset”, Madame de Treymes, “Les Metteurs en Scène”, The Custom of the Country and The Age of Innocence, each of which articulates ideas relevant to the theme investigated, the thesis also contains a supplementary discussion of The Reef, The Glimpses of the Moon, The Mother’s Recompense and The Buccaneers. Borrowing terms and theoretical perspectives from Pierre Bourdieu and postcolonial literary criticism, particularly Homi Bhabha’s theories about inbetweenness, mimicry and otherness, the study contends through detailed analyses of single works that Wharton’s descriptions of Franco-American encounters are dynamic processes through which the parties involved are made aware of their own and “the other’s” distinguishing qualities and, in some significant cases, reach a heightened state of consciousness resembling Bhabha’s inbetweenness. Wharton’s cultural encounters often involve people with different levels of education and different economic and social positions, which justifies the use of Bourdieu’s method of analyzing the relationship between educational and social status in terms of different kinds of capital.While in her early works Wharton merely intimates the contours of the cultural encounter, in mature works such as Madame de Treymes and The Age of Innocence she views it as a highly complex process the many stages of which are intimated through the use of subtle narratological techniques. Throughout her work Wharton makes intricate use of imagery and keywords, some of them testifying to her interest in anthropology, to suggest the manifold dimensions of the cultural encounter, which is seen as both tempting and repelling. Her accounts of the Franco-American encounter are complexly related to the different phases of the American political and social situation described in her novels. The American experience of the meeting of the ‘old society’ and the ‘new’ is rendered even more complex by being seen as the background against which Europeans and Americans negotiate transactions of symbolic and economic capital. In most of her works these lead to tragic or tragic-comic misunderstandings; only in her last, unfinished novel does she describe a full-fledged Euro-American identity, a successful fusion of American and European experiences.
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