| 1. |
- Kulmala, Satu-Maria A., et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of the most common high-risk HPV genotypes among women in three new independent states of the former Soviet Union
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 79:6, s. 771-781
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type distribution of HPV has been studied in different geographic regions, but the data are scanty from the new independent states of the former Soviet Union. Here the HPV prevalence and distribution of the most frequent high-risk HPV types among 3,187 women at different risk for HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Russia, Belarus, and Latvia is reported. HPV detection, type distribution and viral load analysis in DNA samples from cervical scrapes were done with real-time PCR-based assay detecting HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, and 58. The overall HPV prevalence was 31.2%, HPV16 was the most prevalent type followed by HPV31 and HPV33 group. The overall HPV prevalences in Russia, Belarus and Latvia were 33.4%, 27.5%, and 26.2%. The type distributions were similar in these countries, except for Latvia where HPV39 was the third prevalent genotype. HPV prevalence was highest (40.8%) among women from sexually transmitted disease clinic, followed by 30.9% among gynecological outpatients and 27.2% in screening patients. HPV detection increased with cytological abnormality (P = 0.0001) and lesion grade in the biopsy (P = 0.0001), from 27% to 72% in normal samples to cancer, and from 64% to 77% in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 to cancer. The normalized viral loads varied greatly between and among different HPV-types. The mean log HPV33 group copies/cell increased from negative for intraepithelial lesions to cancer (P = 0.049). Distribution of the most common high-risk HPV-types seems to be similar in these countries as reported in other major geographical regions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kulmala, Satu-Maria A., et al.
(författare)
-
Type-specific persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus infections in the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union Cohort Study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 16:1, s. 17-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prospective follow-up studies have recently suggested that persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections play a key role in the progression of CIN lesions and in the development of cervical cancer. However, data on type-specific persistence, viral integration, and the role of multiple infections are scanty. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional/cohort study was conducted between 1998 and 2002 in three New Independent States of the former Soviet Union comprising a cohort of 3,187 women, of whom 854 women were followed up for a mean of 17 months (SD, 11.6). HPV genotyping was done with real-time PCR, detecting HPV types 16, 18/45, 31, 33/52/58, 35, and 39. The integration status of HPV16 was examined by using a novel Taqman-based PCR method. Results: The mean clearance time for the individual high– risk–type infection was 16.5 months (range = 0.9-34.9 months). HPV16 and HPV31 were the most persistent infections (clearance times = 18.1 and 16.2 months, respectively), whereas HPV39 infections cleared most rapidly. The mean copies per cell in HPV18/45, HPV31, HPV33/52/58, and HPV39 infections were higher in persisting HPV infections than in HPV infections that cleared, but the difference was not significant. Integration of HPV16 was not found to correlate with HPV persistence. Conclusions: A large proportion of women remained high-risk HPV positive after 18 months. Coinfection with multiple HPV types, viral load, or integration status did not correlate with persistence of high-risk HPV infections.
|
|
| 3. |
- Lindström, Annika K, et al.
(författare)
-
Discrepancies in expression and prognostic value of tumor markers in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in cervical cancer
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 29:7, s. 2577-2578
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of 11 tumor markers in 129 women with squamous cell compared to 31 women with adenomatous cervical cancer was investigated to detect differences in expression. There was a significantly higher expression of p53, CD4, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD44 and stratifin in squamous cell, compared to adenocarcinoma, while there was a higher expression of c-myc in adenocarcinoma. P-53, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and c-myc significantly correlated to prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma, but none of the 11 investigated tumor markers had any prognostic value in adenocarcinomas. The prognostic value of individual tumor markers differs with the histological subtype in cervical cancer.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bendardaf, Riyad, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor-1 expression on survival of advanced colorectal cancer patients
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Libyan Journal of Medicine. - Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Taylor & Francis. - 1993-2820 .- 1819-6357. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer is third leading cause of cancer mortality. About 60% of patients hadalready developed metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is crucial for the development of neovascularization and hence metastasis. This studyaimed at investigating the relation between the expression of VEGF in biopsies from surgically dissected colon cancer and the survival of those patients. Biopsies were collected from86 patients with advanced colon cancer and sections were stained by immunohistochemistryfor VEGF. Patients received chemotherapy after the operation and were followed up fordisease progression and survival. The clinical data were statistically analyzed with respectto the immunohistochemistry results. The survival of the patients was significantly longer inthe patients for whom biopsies showed negative or weak expression of VEGF in comparisonto those with moderate to high expression (p-value = 0.04). The expression of VEGF was morefrequent in the patients who died as a consequence of the disease in comparison to the 10-year survivors. In conclusion, VEGF could be related to the survival of the patients withcolorectal carcinoma and should be considered as a predictor of the prognosis.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ehrlén, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Land use and population growth of Primula veris : an experimental demographic approach
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 42:2, s. 317-326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Changes in land use are the primary cause of decline for many plant species. Efficient management actions for such species must be based on knowledge of the key phases of the plant life cycles that respond most to changes in environmental factors. 2. To assess how grazing influences population viability of the perennial rosette herb Primula veris, we applied four experimental treatments to abandoned grasslands and recorded the demographic response in permanent plots and seed sowing experiments over 3 years. 3. Treatments had strong effects on population viability. Transition matrix models showed that cutting the surrounding vegetation had no effect on population growth rate (lambda). However, when this was combined with litter removal lambda increased to 1.46, compared with 1.11 in controls. With disturbance and complete removal of the surrounding vegetation the effect was even stronger, and lambda increased to 1.60. 4. Increases in lambda were primarily a result of increased growth of the smallest rosettes, and increased seedling production. In contrast, the performance of larger P. veris individuals was not affected by experimental treatments. 5. The higher the elasticity of a particular life cycle transition, the less the change in the transition rate caused by treatments. This suggests that plants are able partly to buffer the effects of environmental variation by minimizing changes in the life cycle transitions that are most important to population growth rate. 6. Synthesis and applications. Experimental demographic approaches provide an important tool for assessing how grazing and other types of management influence species viability, and help to unravel the mechanisms underlying such relationships. With such information it is possible to predict the effects of novel types of management and land-use scenarios on population viability. For P. veris, we identified seedling establishment as a key phase in the life cycle, and litter accumulation as a key environmental factor, suggesting that these should be prime targets for management. One practice that is likely to favour as well as seedling establishment preventing litter accumulation is late summer grazing.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lehtilä, Kari, et al.
(författare)
-
Forest succession and population viability of grassland plants : long repayment of extinction debt in Primula veris
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 181:1, s. 125-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time lags in responses of organisms to deteriorating environmental conditions delay population declines and extinctions. We examined how local processes at the population level contribute to extinction debt, and how cycles of habitat deterioration and recovery may delay extinction. We carried out a demographic analysis of the fate of the grassland perennial Primula veris after the cessation of grassland management, where we used either a unidirectional succession model for forest habitat or a rotation model with a period of forest growth followed by a clear-cut and a new successional cycle. The simulations indicated that P. veris populations may have an extinction time of decades to centuries after a detrimental management change. A survey of the current incidence and abundance of P. veris in sites with different histories of afforestation confirmed the simulation results of low extinction rates. P. veris had reduced incidence and abundance only at sites with at least 100 years of forest cover. Time to extinction in simulations was dependent on the duration of the periods with favourable and unfavourable conditions after management cessation, and the population sizes and growth rates in these periods. Our results thus suggest that the ability of a species to survive is a complex function of disturbance regimes, rates of successional change, and the demographic response to environmental changes. Detailed demographic studies over entire successional cycles are therefore essential to identify the environmental conditions that enable long-term persistence and to design management for species experiencing extinction debts.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lehtilä, Kari, et al.
(författare)
-
Habitat change and demography of Primula veris : Identification of management targets
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 20:3, s. 833-843
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the effects of deterministic factors on population viability often are more important than stochasticity, few researchers have dealt with the effect of deterministic habitat changes on plant population demography We assessed population viability for the perennial herb Primula veris L. and identified targets for management based on demographic data from five different habitat types representing different degrees of canopy closure. We conducted replicate studies at the border of the distribution area and in more central parts. Demographic patterns were similar between the two regions. Most study populations had a positive population growth, and only populations in late phases of forest succession showed consistently negative trends. The populations of open habitats had high seedling recruitment, and the populations of early and middle forest succession had high seed production. The importance of survival for population growth rate increased with increasing habitat closure, whereas the importance of growth and reproduction decreased. Results of the elasticity analysis suggested that the best method to manage decreasing late-successional populations is to increase survival of the largest individuals. The life-table response experiment (LTRE) analysis, however, showed that survival of the largest individuals contributed little to differences in population growth rates of different habitats, whereas seed production and growth of small individuals were more important. Moreover, direct perturbation of the performance of the largest stages showed that late-successional populations would not attain positive population growth even if the largest stages had no mortality at all. We conclude that restoration of recruitment is the only possibility for positive population growth in late-successional populations of P. veris, although the elasticities of recruitment transitions are low. Our results also suggest that retrospective demographic methods such as LIRE constitute an important and necessary complement to prospective methods such as elasticities in identifying management targets.
|
|
| 8. |
- Leimu, Roosa, et al.
(författare)
-
Pre-dispersal seed predation in Primula veris : among-population variation in damage intensity and selection on flower number
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 133:4, s. 510-516
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The geographic mosaic theory of co-evolution states that evolution of interactions is driven by geographical variation in interactions between species. We investigated whether the intensity of pre-dispersal seed predation differed among nine Primula veris populations over 5 years, and whether such differences lead to geographical variation in selection on flower number. Seed predation intensity differed significantly among years and populations, and it increased with canopy closure and decreased with the density of the field layer vegetation. Individuals in open habitats also produced the highest number of flowers. Moreover, the phenotypic selection on flower number differed among years and populations. In populations of closed habitats, with high seed predation pressure, the increased number of flowers was often correlated with an increased number of damaged capsules. However, an increased flower number did not result in fewer intact fruits due to seed predation in any population.
|
|
| 9. |
- Syrjänen, Anna-Liisa, et al.
(författare)
-
A kiosk as a collaborative technology in consumer-service situations : The potential of audiovisual communication
- 2013
-
Ingår i: IADIS Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems. - Praque : International Association for Development, IADIS. - 9789728939922 ; , s. 27-34
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in collaborative technologies in mediating cooperation situations now provide quite natural face-to-face (F2F) interaction with negotiation, information, and manipulation facilities via video-mediated communication (VMC). In measuring F2F situations, research has defined the boundaries and challenges of VMC for collaborative activities. In the context of service kiosks VMC devices have remained untapped though a basic model, design principles and certain ideas on what kind of cooperation it may be useful are given. Our case study on a new car rental service solution shows how a VMC kiosk involves cooperative partners, for what purposes they require VMC, and in what ways other kiosk devices are more appropriate. We show how these purposes unite the kiosk and VMC devices and, by measuring the kiosk use in a public place, provide our analysis aspects and remote service kiosk solutions for collaborative kiosk and service design
|
|
| 10. |
- Syrjänen, Anna-Liisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Configuration of Human-Facilitated Remote Service: A Vmc-Based Kiosk Interface for Information Systems
- 2013
-
Ingår i: IADIS International Journal on WWW/Internet. - 1645-7641. ; 11:2, s. 114-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-service is seen as effective, and thus, pervasive in all walks of human life, where crowds of people independently use public or private services offered by local kiosks, the Internet, or mobile devices. There is growing interest in delivering complex information-intensive interactive services via kiosks. This complicated service design, along with multiple choice interfaces, has diversified customer groups and situations where people are dependent on available kiosks. This work introduces a new video-mediated communication (VMC) based kiosk system, which is a functional solution for the problem. This kiosk can be staffed remotely using VMC and service personnel working over the Internet to personally serve each customer and facilitate the use of the kiosk interface when needed. Experiences with the kiosk show that the VMC-kiosk interface is appropriate for public use. Providing a real configuration example of a modern kiosk system, our work contributes to the design of remote services, kiosk interfaces, and information systems, and brings into focus a new way of using information systems with VMC over the Internet.
|
|
