| 1. |
- Amin, Rucha, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Link between Thermal Experience and Adaptation to a New Climate
- 2018
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Ingår i: Future Cities and Environment. - : Ubiquity Press, Ltd.. - 2363-9075 .- 2363-9075. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous field studies conducted in different locations have found that peoples’ thermal comfort varies with local climate. However, little is understood about the effect of moving from one climate to another. Literature suggests that people would be able to adapt to the typical indoor climate in a new location, though estimated timescales for this process differ. This paper uses data from a 6-month field study to investigate the process of thermal adaptation to a new climate. The field study consisted of a series of four thermal comfort surveys conducted with 48 occupants of single occupancy residential accommodation units, which helped to estimate their preferred temperatures. The surveys were carried out between October 2015 and April 2016 in Southampton, UK, with high resolution indoor air temperature data collected for the periods between the surveys. Study participants were grouped into three categories: long term residents of the UK (Category A), recently moved to the UK from cold climates (Category An) and recently moved to the UK from warm climates (Category B). The higher indoor temperatures of participants from cool climates (Category An) indicates the influence of indoor thermal history in determining thermal comfort conditions in a new location. This is highlighted by the fact that 94% of Category An participants reported having heating in their previous residence compared to 17% of Category B participants. Analysis of comfort temperatures over the first 6 months of occupancy shows no indication that occupants from Category An or B are adapting their indoor preferences to match that of long term UK residents, given the choice to create their preferred environment. Finally, comparison of indoor air temperature and comfort temperature found a higher correlation in Category A participants which supports the key principles of adaptive comfort theory. Category An demonstrated fairly close correlation though air temperatures were higher than comfort temperatures which may be due to embedded heater use behaviour patterns. Category B demonstrated no correlation between comfort temperature and air temperature which may be due to unfamiliarity to indoor heating systems.
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| 2. |
- Amin, Rucha, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the impact of thermal history on indoor environmental preferences in a modern halls of residence complex
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 9th International Windsor Conference 2016: Making Comfort Relevant. ; , s. 203-216
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous field studies conducted in different locations have demonstrated that comfort conditions vary due to adaptation to the local climate. This study aims to investigate how preferences for the indoor environment change when the climate context changes and how thermal history influences comfort conditions in a new thermal environment. A new halls of residence complex in the south of England, housing occupants from various climatic regions, is used as a case study. Two thermal comfort surveys were conducted in October and December 2015 (N=53 residents) within the first three months of the occupants. Air temperature and relative humidity measurements were collected during this period. Results show a range of comfort temperatures of over 10°C across the study period. The first survey (October) found no significant difference between residents when grouped by previous climate of residence. The second survey (December) found that the mean comfort temperature for residents from the UK had dropped by 1°C, despite an unseasonably warm winter, and mean comfort temperatures for residents from other climates remained the same. This could be an indication of psychological adaptation whereby residents accustomed to the UK climate expect cooler temperatures moving from October to December and thus come to prefer this.
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| 3. |
- Amin, Rucha, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of a student’s ‘home’ climate on room temperature and indoor environmental controls use in a modern halls of residence
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788. ; 119, s. 331-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive comfort theory states that over time people adapt to their normal environment. Therefore, people from different climates are expected to have different thermal preferences and behaviours, which could lead to ‘performance gap’ in buildings with occupants of diverse climate backgrounds. This study investigates the influence of occupants’ thermal history on use of controls and indoor temperature preference in a newly built halls of residence building complex in Southampton, UK, which provides 1104 rooms to international and UK students. A total of 223 questionnaire responses along with monitored temperature data and thermal comfort surveys from 30 rooms are used in this analysis.The results indicate that residents’ ‘home’ climate is impacting the reported use of environmental controls in rooms with similar typological characteristics. The average indoor temperature of residents from warm climates was 2.3 °C higher than that of residents from cool climates in February 2015 (winter heating season). This difference cannot be explained by room orientation alone. Comparison of room temperatures to design values indicates that UK design standards may not account for the comfort needs of residents accustomed to warmer climates. A simple management approach to comfort optimisation is suggested, locating students on the appropriately orientated facade to reflect their ‘home’ climate.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ampatzi, Eleni, et al.
(författare)
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On the linguistic challenges of cross-national research in thermal comfort: The effects of language choices in Greek and Swedish thermal perception questionnaires used in two large-scale surveys conducted two decades apart
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Windsor 2020 Resilient comfort. - 9781916187634 ; , s. 367-380
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent analyses on translations of the widely used ASHRAE scale have highlighted differences between the interpretation of thermal perception scales attributed to contextual factors. This study examines the influence of language choices for thermal perception scale anchors used in questionnaire studies. It focuses on the translations of the subjective scales for thermal perception in the Swedish and Greek languages, which differed between the two surveys. The first set of translations and datasets belongs to the Smart Controls And Thermal Comfort project whilst the second set belongs to the surveys conducted within the framework of the International Energy Agency - Energy in Buildings and Communities Program Annex 69 “Strategy and Practice of Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Low Energy Buildings”. This paper presents the findings of a comparative analysis between the two datasets in relation to the wording of the scales and the resulting category widths. The method of successive categories is used to estimate the psychological widths of the scale categories in order to examine the scales’ behaviour. The paper discusses linguistic and climatic factors that may influence the way the translations are perceived and used.
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| 6. |
- Aragon, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Retrofit Approaches for Two Social Housing Tower Blocks in Portsmouth, UK
- 2018
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Ingår i: Future Cities and Environment. - : Ubiquity Press, Ltd.. - 2363-9075. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The UK aims to reduce its carbon emissions focusing on the renovation of its existing building stock, particularly on the residential sector. Within this group, social housing is an excellent candidate for retrofits, but faces specific challenges. The cases presented in this study are social housing tower blocks in the City of Portsmouth, which are destined to be retrofitted but present particularities within its architecture, heating system, and occupants’ behaviour and comfort perception. This study presents an analysis of the thermal performance of these buildings after different retrofit intervention scenarios were undertaken to evaluate heating loads, comfort and overheating. A dynamic simulation model was developed using the software TRNSYS and included performance evaluation under future climate change scenarios. Firstly, the buildings were modelled under different occupier energy profiles and the results in all cases, show that the physical properties of the building lead to a high level of energy consumption and discomfort. Moreover, the simulation of possible retrofits demonstrated that improving the building envelope to meet 2010 Building Regulations or stricter standards would result in a decrease of more than 80% of the heating load but would result in overheating if no adequate shading is installed. The analysis indicates that the best performing retrofit corresponded to a mixed system of MHRV for heating and natural ventilation during the summer. The paper concludes that (a) existing buildings are inefficient and a retrofit would result in a complete change in their energy performance and (b) that a thorough economic appraisal is required to select the best environmentally and economically viable interventions.
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| 7. |
- Bourikas, L., et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating responsive interaction between occupants and building systems through dynamic post-occupancy evaluation
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 410:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a process that can reveal the interrelations between key building performance factors and successfully integrate indoor environmental quality, thermal comfort, functionality, environmental strategy and occupants' satisfaction. POE has become a prerequisite for several building certification systems and it is often presented as a method to improve the commissioning of buildings and as a user experience feedback mechanism. This paper is based on a POE undertaken through stages at the University of Southampton Mayflower Halls of Residence complex. The first stage included the evaluation of occupant satisfaction, indoor environment quality and energy use. Results from temperature and relative humidity monitoring and an online POE questionnaire were analysed in the context of energy use, thermal comfort and building controls' functionality. The second part of this study monitored the air temperature in a sub-sample of 30 rooms where the residents participated in a thermal comfort survey with a "right-here-right-now" questionnaire and a portable instrument that monitored air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature and air velocity in the rooms. This paper presents the results of the POE and discusses approaches for the improvement in the buildings' energy performance and the environmental conditions in the living spaces of the students. Results suggest that current use of controls is not always effective, with implications for the buildings' energy use. Large variability was found in occupants' thermal perception and preferences, which points to a need for occupant-centric solutions. In this study, POE is approached as a dynamic process that could be used to facilitate the responsive interaction of occupants with building systems and deliver through their engagement high energy performance and comfort.
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| 8. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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A study on the relationship between energy performance and IEQ parameters in school buildings
- 2021
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Ingår i: E3S Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2555-0403 .- 2267-1242. ; 246
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decades, strong focus has been placed on the energy efficiency of buildings; not least school buildings. Energy performance (EP) of buildings is nowadays in principle described by one single indicator based on purchased energy in kWh/year.m2. Another important building performance aspect is the indoor environmental quality. This study's overarching goal is to identify school buildings with a good balance between energy performance and indoor environment. Thus, this paper investigates possible correlations between information given in energy performance certificates (EPCs/e.g. energy use, year of construction, type of ventilation) and measured indoor environmental parameters. The work comprises investigation of approximately 20 school buildings with different ventilation systems in Gothenburg. In-situ investigations of the buildings' properties and ventilation systems were conducted. Indoor environmental parameters were recorded during one week in each classroom. In this paper, indoor temperature, absolute humidity added indoors and CO2 concentration data are compared with the corresponding school's energy performance data and ventilation type. Results suggest that mechanically ventilated buildings have clearer relationships between energy performance, building indicators and measured indoor environment. For buildings such as naturally ventilated, the relationships are usually weak, and the values spread over much wider ranges.
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| 9. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Swedish school buildings' energy performance certificates with focus on ventilation systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1196:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy performance certificates are valuable sources of information about buildings. They are primarily used to assess the buildings' energy performance, however the data included can also be used for building stock description or analysis from different perspectives. School buildings account for a substantial part of the Swedish public building stock and represent a great opportunity for implementation of energy saving strategies. To improve the energy efficiency, it is first important to analyse and understand the current energy use and identify the key factors responsible for most of the energy use. In Sweden, data used for EPC compilation are in most cases real measured data opposite to other European countries where EPC comprises calculated data practices. Therefore, the energy performance value provides a much more realistic representation of the building energy use. This study analyses certain aspects of school buildings' energy performance using data available in EPCs, such as year of construction, floor area, heat supply systems and ventilation system. Comparison with data from some other European countries is also presented. The data which could be included in the certificate to extend the potential of EPC use in other areas, such as evaluation of indoor environmental quality, is also discussed.
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| 10. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Measured and perceived IEQ under different ventilation strategies in Swedish classrooms
- 2022
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Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor environmental quality was assessed in Swedish primary school classrooms grouped into three categories based on the ventilation system: 1) natural or exhaust ventilation, 2) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with constant air volume (CAV), 3) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with variable air volume (VAV). Measurements of NO2, ozone, TVOC, formaldehyde, PM10, and PM2.5 and a questionnaire survey were conducted. The concentrations of pollutants were integrated into Indoor Air Pollution Index allowing the rank comparison of classrooms. Children’s perception scores were calculated based on the questionnaire responses. Naturally ventilated classrooms had higher level of air pollution. No significant differences in pollutant levels were observed between classrooms with CAV and VAV systems. The type of ventilation system affected the subjective assessment of indoor air quality; it was worst in naturally ventilated classrooms.
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