| 1. |
- Babulal, Ganesh M, et al.
(författare)
-
Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Update and areas of immediate need.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 15:2, s. 292-312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are a global crisis facing the aging population and society as a whole. With the numbers of people with ADRDs predicted to rise dramatically across the world, the scientific community can no longer neglect the need for research focusing on ADRDs among underrepresented ethnoracial diverse groups. The Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART; alz.org/ISTAART) comprises a number of professional interest areas (PIAs), each focusing on a major scientific area associated with ADRDs. We leverage the expertise of the existing international cadre of ISTAART scientists and experts to synthesize a cross-PIA white paper that provides both a concise "state-of-the-science" report of ethnoracial factors across PIA foci and updated recommendations to address immediate needs to advance ADRD science across ethnoracial populations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Cadar, Dorina, et al.
(författare)
-
Does education explain the terminal decline in the oldest-old? Evidence from two longitudinal studies of ageing
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 386:Supplement 2
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractBackground Cognitive performance substantially deteriorates close to death, as postulated by the terminal decline hypothesis. However, the association between education and terminal decline remains controversial. This study investigated the role of education in terminal decline in two European longitudinal studies of oldest-old. Methods Participants were from the Newcastle 85+, UK (n=702), and Octogenarian Twins (OCTO-Twin), Sweden (n= 845). They were assessed biannually over three and five consecutive waves, respectively. In a coordinated analysis, multilevel models were used to examine the association between education and terminal decline on mini-mental state examination (MMSE), controlling for age at baseline, dementia incidence, sex, and time to death from the study entry within each cohort. Cognitive decline was modelled as a linear function of time to death in both cohorts and as a quadratic function in the OCTO-Twin study (because of longer follow-up). Education was a continuous measure (ranging from 6 to 20 years in Newcastle 85+ and 0 to 23 years in OCTO-Twin). Findings A typical British man, aged 85 at baseline, with 10 years’ education, entered the terminal phase at around 2·5 years before death, and the mean rate of decline was −1·04 MMSE points with each year closer to the time of death (SEM 0·25, p<0·0001). By contrast, a Swedish man, aged 83 years, with an average of 7 years’ education, entered the terminal phase at around 8 years from death, after which the rate of cognitive decline steepened by −1·70 points per year closer to the time of death (SEM 0·20, p<0·0001) and accelerated by −0·11 (SEM 0·01, p<0·0001). Education was positively associated with the estimated mean MMSE scores before death only in OCTO-Twin (0·43, SEM 0·15; p=0·003) and did not attenuate the rate of terminal decline in either cohort. Interpretation Decline and acceleration of this decline were detectable in both studies before death, with steeper rates of decline observed in the Swedish cohort. However, this process was not lessened by education itself. This work contributes to a better understanding of the transition from the subtle cognitive changes associated with age to those of neurological substance, and the role of education in this decline. Funding The funding sources of this work were the Alzheimer's Society (grant number 144) and the Medical Research Council (unit programme number MC_UU_12019/1).
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Cadar, Dorina, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of cognitive reserve on terminal decline: a cross-cohort analysis from two European studies: OCTO-Twin, Sweden, and Newcastle 85+, UK.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 1099-1166 .- 0885-6230. ; 31:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive performance shows a marked deterioration in close proximity to death, as postulated by the terminal decline hypothesis. The effect of education on the rate of terminal decline in the oldest people (i.e. persons 85+ years) has been controversial and not entirely understood. In the current study, we investigated the rate of decline prior to death with a special focus on the role of education and socioeconomic position, in two European longitudinal studies of ageing: the Origins of Variance in the Old-Old: Octogenarian Twins (OCTO-Twin) and the Newcastle 85+ study.
|
|
| 5. |
- Clouston, Sean A. P., et al.
(författare)
-
Cohort and Period Effects as Explanations for Declining Dementia Trends and Cognitive Aging
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Population and Development Review. - : WILEY. - 0098-7921 .- 1728-4457. ; 47:3, s. 611-637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have reported that the age-adjusted incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia have decreased over the past two decades. Aging is the predominant risk factor for Alzheimers disease and related dementias and for neurocognitive decline. However, aging alone cannot explain changes in the overall age-adjusted incidence of dementia. The objective of this position paper was to describe the potential for cohort and period effects in cognitive decline and incidence of dementia. Cohort effects have long been reported in demographic literature, but starting in the early 1980s researchers began reporting large historical cohort trends in cognitive function. At the same time, period effects have emerged in the form of economic factors and stressors in early and midlife that may result in reduced cognitive dysfunction. Recognizing that aging individuals today were once children and adolescents and that research has clearly noted that childhood cognitive performance are associated with old-age cognitive performance, this review proposes the need to connect these cohort effects with differences in late-life functioning.
|
|
| 6. |
- Gregory, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Mediterranean diet is associated with lower white matter lesion volume in Mediterranean cities and lower cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 in non-Mediterranean cities in the EPAD LCS cohort.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Neurobiology of aging. - 1558-1497. ; 131, s. 29-38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been associated with better brain health and reduced incidence of dementia. Few studies have compared the effects of the MedDiet in early Alzheimer's disease or compared the effects of the diet within and outside of the Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) and MEDAS continuous scores were calculated at the baseline visit of the European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia Longitudinal Cohort Study (n = 1625). The scores were included in linear regression models to test for associations with hippocampal volume, log-transformed white matter lesion volume, cerebrospinal fluid pTau18, and Aβ42. Higher MEDAS scores were associated with lower log-transformed white matter lesion volume (β: -0.07, standard error [SE]: 0.02, p < 0.001). This association was only seen in the Mediterranean region (β: -0.12, SE: 0.03, p < 0.001). In the non-Mediterranean region, higher MEDAS continuous scores were associated with lower cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 (β: -68.30, SE: 14.32, p < 0.001). More research is needed to understand the differences in the associations seen with the MedDiet and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in different European regions.
|
|
| 7. |
- Henning, Georg, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards an active and happy retirement? Changes in leisure activity and depressive symptoms during the retirement transition.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Routledge. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 25:4, s. 621-631
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Retirement is a major life transition in the second half of life, and it can be associated with changes in leisure activity engagement. Although theories of retirement adjustment have emphasized the need to find meaningful activities in retirement, little is known about the nature of changes in leisure activity during the retirement transition and their association with mental health.Methods: Based on four annual waves of the 'Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden' study, we investigated the longitudinal association of leisure activity engagement and depressive symptoms using bivariate dual change score models. We distinguished intellectual, social, and physical activity engagement.Results: We found increases in all three domains of activity engagement after retirement. Although level and change of activity and depressive symptoms were negatively associated, the coupling parameters were not significant, thus the direction of effects remains unclear.Conclusion: The results highlight the need to consider the role of lifestyle changes for retirement adjustment and mental health.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Hoogendijk, Emiel O., et al.
(författare)
-
Gait speed as predictor of transition into cognitive impairment: Findings from three longitudinal studies on aging
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 The Authors Objectives: Very few studies looking at slow gait speed as early marker of cognitive decline investigated the competing risk of death. The current study examines associations between slow gait speed and transitions between cognitive states and death in later life. Methods: We performed a coordinated analysis of three longitudinal studies with 9 to 25 years of follow-up. Data were used from older adults participating in H70 (Sweden; n = 441; aged ≥70 years), InCHIANTI (Italy; n = 955; aged ≥65 years), and LASA (the Netherlands; n = 2824; aged ≥55 years). Cognitive states were distinguished using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Slow gait speed was defined as the lowest sex-specific quintile at baseline. Multistate models were performed, adjusted for age, sex and education. Results: Most effect estimates pointed in the same direction, with slow gait speed predicting forward transitions. In two cohort studies, slow gait speed predicted transitioning from mild to severe cognitive impairment (InCHIANTI: HR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.40–3.07; LASA: HR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.01–1.75) and transitioning from a cognitively healthy state to death (H70: HR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.74–6.28; LASA: HR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.30–2.21). Conclusions: Screening for slow gait speed may be useful for identifying older adults at risk of adverse outcomes such as cognitive decline and death. However, once in the stage of more advanced cognitive impairment, slow gait speed does not seem to predict transitioning to death anymore.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
