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- Bekö, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafine Particles: Exposure and Source Apportionment in 56 Danish Homes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5851 .- 0013-936X. ; 47:18, s. 10240-10248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Particle number (PN) concentrations (10−300 nm in size) were continuously measured over a period of ∼45 h in 56 residences of nonsmokers in Copenhagen, Denmark. The highest concentrations were measured when occupants were present and awake (geometric mean, GM: 22.3 × 103 cm−3), the lowest when the homes were vacant (GM: 6.1 × 103 cm−3) or the occupants were asleep (GM: 5.1 × 103 cm−3). Diary entries regarding occupancy and particle related activities were used to identify source events and apportion the daily integrated exposure among sources. Source events clearly resulted in increased PN concentrations and decreased average particle diameter. For a given event, elevated particle concentrations persisted for several hours after the emission of fresh particles ceased. The residential daily integrated PN exposure in the 56 homes ranged between 37 × 103 and 6.0 × 106 particles per cm3·h/day (GM: 3.3 × 105 cm−3·h/day). On average, ∼90% of this exposure occurred outside of the period from midnight to 6 a.m. Source events, especially candle burning, cooking, toasting, and unknown activities, were responsible on average for ∼65% of the residential integrated exposure (51% without the unknown activities). Candle burning occurred in half of the homes where, on average, it was responsible for almost 60% of the integrated exposure.
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| 4. |
- Eggeling, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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The usability of ClimApp : A personalized thermal stress warning tool
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8807. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ClimApp was developed to assist individuals in reducing the risk of exposure to thermal stress and to supply the user with individualized advice and recommendations. The tool integrates several human thermal models and heat indices with the local weather forecast and goes on to provide users with a prediction of their thermal stress based on their activity level, clothing level, and heat acclimatization input. Despite its innovative and interactive functionality, ClimApp's utility and ease of use should be considered to increase its usability. The usability of ClimApp was evaluated over two iterations: one usability lab test (n = 10) and one field test (n = 38) where first-time users completed tasks in ClimApp related to navigation, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. Activity theory guided the analysis, and a directed qualitative content analysis was applied to evaluate the usability of ClimApp. The results suggest that there is room for improvement when assessing the universal design aspects, navigation, and information complexity, yet the participants perceived the tool as useful in the situated context.
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| 5. |
- Eggeling, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Validating an advanced smartphone application for thermal advising in cold environments
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - 1432-1254. ; 67:12, s. 1957-1964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ClimApp smartphone application was developed to merge meteorological forecast data with personal information for individualized and improved thermal warning during heat and cold stress and for indoor comfort in buildings. For cold environments, ClimApp predicts the personal thermal stress and strain by the use of the Insulation REQuired model that combines weather and personal physiological data with additional consideration of the Wind Chill index based on the local weather forecast. In this study, we validated the individualized ClimApp index relative to measurements and compared it with the Universal Temperature Climate Index (UTCI). To this aim, 55 participants (27 females) were exposed to at least 1 h in an outdoor environment of 10 °C or below (average 1.4 °C air temperature, 74.9% relative humidity, and 4.7 m/s air velocity) inputting their activity level and clothing insulation as instructed by ClimApp. The UTCI and ClimApp indices were calculated and compared to the participants' perceived thermal sensation. The ClimApp index root mean square deviation (RMSD) was below the standard deviation of the perceived thermal sensation which indicates a valid prediction and the UTCI RMSD was higher than the standard deviation which indicates an invalid prediction. The correlation of ClimApp and UTCI to the perceived thermal sensation was statistically significant for both models.
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