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- Udden, J, et al.
(författare)
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A rostro-caudal gradient of structured sequence processing in the left inferior frontal gyrus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2970. ; 367:1598, s. 2023-2032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present two novel perspectives on the function of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG). First, a structured sequence processing perspective facilitates the search for functional segregation within the LIFG and provides a way to express common aspects across cognitive domains including language, music and action. Converging evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies suggests that the LIFG is engaged in sequential processing in artificial grammar learning, independently of particular stimulus features of the elements (whether letters, syllables or shapes are used to build up sequences). The LIFG has been repeatedly linked to processing of artificial grammars across all different grammars tested, whether they include non-adjacent dependencies or mere adjacent dependencies. Second, we apply the sequence processing perspective to understand how the functional segregation of semantics, syntax and phonology in the LIFG can be integrated in the general organization of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). Recently, it was proposed that the functional organization of the lateral PFC follows a rostro-caudal gradient, such that more abstract processing in cognitive control is subserved by more rostral regions of the lateral PFC. We explore the literature from the viewpoint that functional segregation within the LIFG can be embedded in a general rostro-caudal abstraction gradient in the lateral PFC. If the lateral PFC follows a rostro-caudal abstraction gradient, then this predicts that the LIFG follows the same principles, but this prediction has not yet been tested or explored in the LIFG literature. Integration might provide further insights into the functional architecture of the LIFG and the lateral PFC.
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- Brismar, T. B., et al.
(författare)
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GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND SARCOIDOSIS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS ON CORTICAL AND TRABECULAR BONE
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sarcoidosis Vasculitis and Diffuse Lung Diseases. - : MATTIOLI 1885. - 1124-0490. ; 32:1, s. 63-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis is a well-known side effect of glucocorticoid treatment. In sarcoidosis the impact on bone by glucocorticoid treatment is complex due to hormonal disturbances of calcium and vitamin-D, which by itself may cause bone loss. In this study we aimed to investigate the longitudinal impact of glucocorticoids on cortical and trabecular bone in patients with mild, recently diagnosed sarcoidosis.Methods: Ten patients (8 females; mean age 44 (+/- 13)) were studied during one year of glucocorticoid treatment. The assessment of mainly cortical to purely trabecular bone was made by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip, quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus, and magnetic resonance relaxometry of the spine and calcaneus. Bone and hormonal measurements were performed at baseline, after 3, 6, and 12 months, and baseline, 3 weeks and 3 months, respectively.Results: DXA of the spine, decreased from baseline at 6 months (P=0.01). R2 of the calcaneus decreased with time (B: -3.6; P=0.03). In the females (n=8) there was a significant decrease in DXA of the spine when comparing 3 months and 6 months (P=0.03), and 3 months and 12 months (P=0.02) and a decrease in R2 of the calcaneus from baseline to 12 months (P=0.01). There was no change in hormonal levels.Conclusion: Treatment of initial mild sarcoidosis with dose tapered glucocorticoid therapy only mildly affects the final trabecular and cortical bone and hormone levels. Dose tapering is an important part in glucocorticoid therapy, likely contributing to the mild effects on bone observed in this study.
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- Folia, V, et al.
(författare)
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Implicit learning and dyslexia
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1749-6632 .- 0077-8923. ; 1145, s. 132-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Hemmingsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Bicycling but not walking is independently associated with fasting insulin in abdominally obese women
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of physical activity & health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-5474 .- 1543-3080. ; 8:6, s. 820-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of walking and bicycling on insulin resistance (IR) in women with abdominal obesity is unclear.Methods:Pooled analysis of data from a randomized trial on physically active commuting (bicycling + walking vs walking only) in women with abdominal obesity [n = 98; age:47.3 ± 7.6 yrs; waist circumference (WC):103.1 ± 7.8 cm]. Bicycling and walking data were collected during 7 consecutive days by trip meters (Trelock FC-410) and pedometers (Yamax digiwalker SW-200) at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months. Owing to a skew distribution we analyzed bicycling as a binary dummy variable with a 10 km/week cut-off. Fasting serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed at baseline and 6 months, as were body mass index (BMI), WC, and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-assessed % whole-body fat.Results:Increased bicycling by 10 km/wk was associated with reductions in fasting serum insulin at follow-up independent of age, treatment allocation, baseline phenotype, Δ walking, and Δ % body fat (β = −10.9, P = .042), but not HOMA-IR (β = −2.0, P = .13). Increased walking was not associated with fasting serum insulin (P = .33) or HOMA-IR (P = .44) at follow-up, after adjustment for the same covariates and Δ bicycling.Conclusion:Increased bicycling but not walking was associated with reduced insulin levels at follow-up. Bicycling may be more effective than walking for reducing insulin levels in abdominally obese women.
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- Hemmingsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Increased physical activity in abdominally obese women through support for changed commuting habits : a randomized clinical trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 33:6, s. 645-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Abdominally obese women can reduce their health risk through regular physical activity. There is, however, little evidence on the effectiveness of interventions that promote physical activity long-term, such as cycling and walking to and from work. Methods: This intervention focused on physically active commuting (cycling and walking) in middle-aged (30-60 years), abdominally obese (waist circumference >= 88 cm) women (n = 120), recruited by newspaper advertisement. The intervention group was a moderate-intensity programme with physician meetings, physical activity prescriptions, group counselling and bicycles. The control group was a low-intensity group support programme with pedometers. We used a randomized, controlled, 2-armed design with 18 months duration and intention-to-treat analysis (data collection 2005-2006). Treatment success was defined as bicycling >= 2 km/d (primary) or walking 10 000 steps per day (secondary). Results: At baseline, mean (s. d.) age was 48.2 years (7.4), waist circumference 103.8cm (7.8), walking 8471 steps per day (2646), bicycling 0 km per day. Attrition at 18 months was 10% for the intervention group and 25% in the control group (P = 0.03). The intervention group was more likely to achieve treatment success for cycling than controls: 38.7 vs 8.9% (odds ratio (OR) 7.8 (95% confidence interval = 4.0 to 15.0, P < 0.001)), but with no difference for compliance with the walking recommendation: 45.7 vs 39.3% (OR 1.2 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.0, P = 0.50)). Commuting by car and public transport were reduced by 34% (P < 0.01) and 37% (P < 0.001), respectively, with no differences between groups. Both groups attained similar waist reductions (-2.1 and -2.6 cm, P = 0.72). Conclusions: Abdominally obese women can increase PA long-term through moderate-intensity behavioural support aimed at changing commuting habits. International Journal of Obesity (2009) 33, 645-652; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.77; published online 5 May 2009
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