| 1. |
- Bisback, Athina, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in Offending Behaviors, Aggression, Substance Use, and Mental Health Problems between Male Drug Dealers and Non-Drug Dealers in Belgian Youth Detention Centers
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated whether drug dealing juvenile offenders in Belgium differ from non-drug dealers in levels of violent and non-violent offending behaviors, aggression, substance use, and mental health needs. The current study examined data from 226 16- to 17-year-old male juvenile offenders. Information relating to drug dealing, substance use, and mental health needs were collected through self-report questionnaires. A structured diagnostic interview was used to collect information about past violent and non-violent behaviors. Chi-square tests and multivariate analysis of variance compared non-dealers and dealers and explored if hard-drug dealers and soft-drug dealers differed from each other. Relative to non-drug dealers, drug dealers engaged in more violent offending behaviors, exhibited higher levels of aggression, substance use and oppositional defiant problems, and displayed lower levels of anxiety. Soft- and hard-drug dealers did not differ from each other. To conclude, detained drug dealers are characterized by severe antisocial behavior.
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| 2. |
- Colins, Olivier F, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Youth psychopathic traits inventory-short version : a further test of the internal consistency and criterion validity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 34:4, s. 476-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version (YPI-S; van Baardewijk et al., 2010) is a self-report measure to assess psychopathic-like traits in adolescents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the factor structure, the internal consistency, and the criterion validity of the YPI-S in 768 Belgian community adolescents (45.4 % males). In general, our study supported the YPI three factor structure while relevant indices showed that the instrument is internally consistent. In addition, relations between the YPI-S total score and dimension scores on the one hand and external criterion measures (e.g. conduct problems and self-reported offending) on the other hand were generally in line with predictions. The present study replicated and substantially extended previous findings of the YPI-S in a sample of community youth. Future studies are needed to test whether findings from community samples can be replicated in clinical-referred and justice-involved boys and adolescents.
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| 3. |
- Hesse, Morten, et al.
(författare)
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Case management for persons with substance use disorders.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Cochrane Library 2007. - : Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Cochrane Library 2007 John Wiley & Sons. ; The Cochrane Library 2007:4 Art. CD006265, s. 1-54
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with alcohol and other drug use disorders (AOD) frequently have multiple social, physical, and mental health treatment needs, yet have difficulty accessing community services, including drug abuse treatment. One strategy for linking patients with AOD with relevant services is case management, where a single case manager is responsible for linking patients with multiple relevant services. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of all RCTs on the use of case management for helping drug abusers in or out of treatment. Outcome criteria included successful linkage with other services, illicit drug use outcomes, and a range of related outcomes. Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, issue 4, 2006), MEDLINE (1966 - 2006), EMBASE (1980 - 2006), LILACS (1982 - 2006), PsycINFO (1973 - 2006), Biological Abstracts (1982 t- 2000). Reference searching; personal communication; conference abstracts; book chapters on case management. Selection criteria: Randomized controlled studies that compared a specific model of case management with either treatment as usual or another treatment model, included only patients with at least one alcohol or drug related problem. Data collection and analysis: Two groups of reviewers extracted the data independently. Standardized mean difference was estimated. Main results: In total, we could extract results from 15 studies. Outcome on illicit drug use was reported from 7 studies with 2391 patients. The effect size for illicit drug use was not significant, and small (standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.12, confidence interval=-0.09,0.29, p=0.20). Substantial heterogeneity was found (I2=69.9%). Linkage to other treatment services was reported in 10 studies with 3132 patients. The effect size for linkage was moderate (SMD=0.42, 95% confidence interval=0.21 to 0.62, p<0.001), but substantial heterogeneity was found (I2=85.2%). Moderator analyses suggested that a part of the heterogeneity found in linkage studies could be explained by the presence or absence of a treatment manual for case management. A single, large trial of case management with two arms, showed that case management was superior to psychoeducation and drug counselling in reducing drug use. Authors' conclusions: There is current evidence supporting that case management can enhance linkage with other services. However, evidence that case management reduces drug use or produce other beneficial outcome is not conclusive.
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| 4. |
- Kotera, Yasuhiro, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural insights from two global mental health studies: self-enhancement and ingroup biases
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - 1557-1882.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This commentary highlights two cross-cultural issues identified from our global mental health (GMH) research, RECOLLECT (Recovery Colleges Characterisation and Testing) 2: self-enhancement and ingroup biases. Self-enhancement is a tendency to maintain and express unrealistically positive self-views. Ingroup biases are differences in one’s evaluation of others belonging to the same social group. These biases are discussed in the context of GMH research using self-report measures across cultures. GMH, a field evolving since its Lancet series introduction in 2007, aims to advance mental health equity and human rights. Despite a 16.5-fold increase in annual GMH studies from 2007 to 2016, cross-cultural understanding remains underdeveloped. We discuss the impact of individualism versus collectivism on self-enhancement and ingroup biases. GMH research using concepts, outcomes, and methods aligned with individualism may give advantages to people and services oriented to individualism. GMH research needs to address these biases arising from cross-cultural differences to achieve its aim.
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| 5. |
- Van Damme, Lore, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in psychiatric disorders and clusters of self-esteem among detained adolescents
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 220:3, s. 991-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detained minors display substantial mental health needs. This study focused on two features (psychopathology and self-esteem) that have received considerable attention in the literature and clinical work, but have rarely been studied simultaneously in detained youths. The aims of this study were to examine gender differences in psychiatric disorders and clusters of self-esteem, and to test the hypothesis that the cluster of adolescents with lower (versus higher) levels of self-esteem have higher rates of psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was assessed in 440 Belgian, detained adolescents using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Self-esteem was assessed using the Self-perception Profile for Adolescents. Model-based cluster analyses were performed to identify youths with lower and/or higher levels of self-esteem across several domains. Girls have higher rates for most psychiatric disorders and lower levels of self-esteem than boys. A higher number of clusters was identified in boys (four) than girls (three). Generally, the cluster of adolescents with lower (versus higher) levels of self-esteem had a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders. These results suggest that the detection of low levels of self-esteem in adolescents, especially girls, might help clinicians to identify a subgroup of detained adolescents with the highest prevalence of psychopathology.
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| 6. |
- Van Damme, Lore, et al.
(författare)
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Girls' quality of life prior to detention in relation to psychiatric disorders, trauma exposure and socioeconomic status
- 2015
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - Dordrecht, Netherlands : Springer. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 24:6, s. 1419-1429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Practice and research on detained girls has mainly been problem oriented, overlooking these minors' own perspective on and satisfaction with life. The aim of this study was to examine how girls evaluate multiple domains of quality of life (QoL) and how each domain is affected by psychiatric (co)morbidity, trauma, and socioeconomic status (SES).Methods An abbreviated version of the World Health Organization (WHO) QoL Instrument was used to assess the girls' (N = 121; M age = 16.28) QoL prior to detention. This self-report questionnaire consists of two benchmark items referring to their overall QoL and health, and 24 remaining items measuring their QoL regarding four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment). The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV was used to assess the past-year prevalence of psychiatric disorders and life-time trauma exposure.Results: Detained girls perceived their QoL almost as good as the 12- to 20-year-olds from the WHO's international field trial on all but one domain (i.e., psychological health). They were most satisfied with their social relationships and least satisfied with their psychological health. Psychiatric disorders, trauma, and low SES were distinctively and negatively related to various domains of QoL. The girls' psychological health was most adversely affected by psychosocial and socioeconomic problems, while these variables had an almost negligible impact on their satisfaction with their social relationships.Conclusions: The particularity of each domain of QoL supports a multidimensional conceptualization of QoL. Regarding treatment, psychological health appears as a domain of major concern, while social relationships might serve as a source of resilience.
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