| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Anttila, Sten, et al.
(författare)
-
Challenge of communicating uncertainty in systematic reviews when applying GRADE ratings
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Evidence-Based Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1356-5524 .- 2515-446X .- 2515-4478.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most widely used tools for assessing and communicating scienti c uncertainty is Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), a system for rating the quality of evidence and grading strength of recommendations in healthcare. More than 100 organisations around the world—WHO included1— are using GRADE or have endorsed it.In GRADE, a quantitative assessment of uncertainty is qualitatively communicated, so that a result obtained as a CI relative to a threshold is expressed as a nding in which assessors have low, moderate or high certainty, or certainty described with other such quali ers. What these correspond to in quantitative terms, and how decision-makers interpret them, is our issue here. We con ne our attention to GRADE’s decision rules for systematic reviews, and do not comment on the problem of multiple outcomes in guideline recommendations.
|
|
| 3. |
- Anttila, Sten, et al.
(författare)
-
Conclusiveness resolves the conflict between quality of evidence and imprecision in GRADE
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5921 .- 0895-4356. ; 2016:75, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of our article is to show how “quality of evidence” and “imprecision,” as they are defined in Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) articles, may lead to confusion. We focus only on the context of systematic reviews.
|
|
| 4. |
- Anttila, Sten, et al.
(författare)
-
Ruling out risks in medical research
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 22:6, s. 796-802
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In medical research, it is not unusual that risks are ruled out without any specification the exact risk that was ruled out. This makes it difficult to balance expected health benefits and risk of harm when choosing between alternative treatment options. International guidelines for reporting medical research results are sufficiently specific when it comes to establishing health benefits. However, there is a lack of standards for reporting on ruling out risks. We argue that transparency is needed, as in the case of non-inferiority trials. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statements should be revised accordingly.
|
|
| 5. |
- Blennow, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding risk in forest ecosystem services: implications for effective risk management, communication and planning
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Forestry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0015-752X .- 1464-3626. ; 87, s. 219-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncertainty, insufficient information or information of poor quality, limited cognitive capacity and time, along with value conflicts and ethical considerations, are all aspects that make risk management and risk communication difficult. This paper provides a review of different risk concepts and describes how these influence risk management, communication and planning in relation to forest ecosystem services. Based on the review and results of empirical studies, we suggest that personal assessment of risk is decisive in the management of forest ecosystem services. The results are used together with a review of different principles of the distribution of risk to propose an approach to risk communication that is effective as well as ethically sound. Knowledge of heuristics and mutual information on both beliefs and desires are important in the proposed risk communication approach. Such knowledge provides an opportunity for relevant information exchange, so that gaps in personal knowledge maps can be filled in and effective risk communication can be promoted.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Brodén, Joséphine, et al.
(författare)
-
“Experts already have the answers". A mixed methods study on dental students’ reflections on risk assessment of root filled teeth
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ESE Wladimir Adlivankine Research Prize, Education Prize and Original Research Abstracts.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: Reflection on a deeper level is recognized as an important skill to learn for undergraduate students since mastering reflection can be helpful throughout their future careers. The aim with this study was to (i) examine if short structured written reflections could stimulate deep reflection among a group of dental students and (ii) explore specifically how the students reflected on clinical experience in relation to uncertainty when assessing the risk for exacerbation of apical periodontitis in root filled teeth.Methods: Short reflections were written by 52 dental students at Malmö University in 2021. All students first answered some questions associated with the risk for exacerbation of apical periodontitis in a case with a root filled tooth with a diffuse widening of the periodontal ligament space. After this, they were asked to write short reflections following prompts developed specifically to stimulate reflection. For each student, the reflections were analyzed and the level of reflection according to the 4Rs framework (Reporting/responding, Relating, Reasoning, Reconstructing) was assessed. The written content in the reflections were analyzed by a qualitative method, Systematic Text Condensation (STC). Results: Thirteen of the students (25%) reached the deepest level of reflection, Reconstructing. Sixteen students (31%), reached only the most superficial level, Report/respond. Two themes about experience and lack of experience were identified in the reflections: Theme 1 “The meaning of clinical experience” and Theme 2 “Differences and similarities”. The themes were subdivided into nine subgroups and described in more detail the relationship between experience and certainty as perceived by the students.Conclusions: A short reflection exercise stimulated deep reflection in a proportion of, but not all, dental students. The students believed that certainty comes with experience even when there is a lack of scientific evidence.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
