| 1. |
- Lindeberg, Fredrik, 1987-
(författare)
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Coordinating the Internet : Thought styles, technology and coordination
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Internet is often mentioned as a driver for digitization or a democratizing tool for societies. However, the Internet is seldom explained, conceptualized or defined. This dissertation elaborates upon and conceptualizes the Internet through three lenses, or thought styles, referred to as the interoperability, the bureaucratic and the market thought styles in an effort to provide an overarching or holistic view of the concept that is the Internet. The Internet, as captured and conceptualized in this dissertation, is separate from services on top, such as the web, by explicit design for an interoperable network which decouples the use of the network from the network itself. A thought style can be considered a set of guiding values or principles of one’s thoughts. This dissertation focuses on different views of technology and coordination depending on thought style, that is conflicts and compatibilities between thought styles rather than conflicts and compatibilities between technology and coordination. This dissertation proposes that the Internet was, and is to a lesser extent, primarily mediated through norms in what I denote the interoperability thought style, which aims and strives for interoperability of both technology and coordination. In modern times the norms of the interoperable Internet, through principles such as separation of concerns, are challenged by market actors striving for profits and bureaucracies wanting to subject the Internet to laws and regulations. As core Internet standards were formulated with explicit intention of open-endedness, the vertical integration native to value capture by market actors and control by bureaucracies provides an arena for conflict and misunderstanding. In a sense, the purpose of the interoperability thought style is to limit path dependency, that is to keep all options open for as long as possible. This is contrary to market logic, where an actor might gain an advantage by shaping and therefore premeditating future market decisions. There are discussions concerning both what the Internet is, and concerning what the Internet should be. This dissertation illustrates these issues through thought styles, even if the thought styles sometimes are so far apart it is impossible to find compatible common ground for agreement or disagreement. Net neutrality is an example of such an issue. Seen from the core values of the interoperability thought style, traffic differentiation based on traffic content is not permitted, since traffic content by design should be separated from the implementation of the network to provide interoperability and separation of concerns. This in practice implies net neutrality, but not through regulation or policy, but instead by technical design to ensure open-endedness and permissionless innovation at the edges of the Internet. In addition, the concept of regulation is in conflict with the interoperability thought style, as regulation aims to control or forbid behavior, whereas the interoperability perspective strives to allow and permit behavior. This is in conflict with the principles of the bureaucratic thought style where regulation is one of the means through which to attain a want. Similarly, core values of the market thought style, such as bundling, market barriers and lock-in effects are in stark conflict with the embedded open-endedness of the Internet and the Internet’s architecture. In particular there are two separate groups of actors with a primary market perspective: the actors selling services on the Internet, and the actors selling Internet-service. Their logics are similar, but their goals different, and regulation and technical standards could provide an advantage to either of the two types of for-profit actors. It is important to note that these thought styles are not tied to education or work title. As an example, an engineer can be bureaucratic by preferring consolidating and integrative design for control. Or a manager might be interoperability minded by avoiding a business decision because it would have led to technical lock-in down the line. This thesis suggests that the Internet today can be conceptualized as an architecture and set of protocols for best-effort digital end-to-end communication effected by its users through adhocratic processes based on ideals of design for interoperability. This conceptualization is primarily grounded in the interoperability perspective; however, notions of the bureaucratic and market perspectives are becoming prevalent, particularly in actual and future coordination of the Internet. The Internet is currently in a slow transformation towards a more vertically integrated network coordinated by value capture and regulation; this is different from a network where all components explicitly are decoupled to as large extent as possible. These perspectives with their compatibilities and conflicts are captured through interviews, discussions, reading of academic literature, bylaws, standards, routing data and exploration of Internet use. This dissertation also intends to be an introduction to the nascent field of Internet coordination and suggests, through examples, relevant approaches to capture multifaceted arenas colored by norms, values, coordination, and technology.
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| 2. |
- Odar, Susanne, 1961-
(författare)
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Managementinitiativ, mening och verksamhetsresultat : En retrospektiv studie av en teknikintensiv verksamhet
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie betraktas en organisations utveckling med ett meningsskapande-perspektiv, vilket kort innebär att handlingar skapar mening och mening skapar handlingar. Weicks (1995) inflytelserika tankemodell av meningsskapande har utvecklats till en modell och metod som kan tillämpas på ett empiriskt material. Utvecklingen inom ASEA/ABB reläverksamheten under en trettioårsperiod från tidigt 1980-tal till år 2010 beskrivs och analyseras.Studien handlar om att förstå hur organisationer utvecklas, och hur chefer och medarbetare kan påverka en organisations utveckling och bidra till verksamhetsresultat. Syftet har avgränsats genom valet av teoretiskt perspektiv, metod och forskningsfrågor. Forskningsfrågorna rör samspelet mellan så kallade managementinitiativ, mening och verksamhetens utveckling. Managementinitiativ är en typ av handlingar som chefer i en organisation kan besluta om. Hur dessa påverkar och påverkas av de uppfattningar som finns hos chefer och medarbetare i organisationen beskrivs och analyseras. Det valda fallet omfattar 85 stycken initiativ. Studien har visat att en verksamhets utveckling bäst förstås genom en analys av den aktuella verksamheten och dess omvärld, och att det går att finna mönster som upprepas över tid inom ramen för verksamheten.Metoden och modellen är generaliserbara och kan användas för empiriska studier av meningsskapande i grupper, organisationer och samhällen. Det kanske viktigaste bidraget med modellen och metoden är att samspelet mellan olika nivåer – individ-, interaktions-, struktur- och kulturnivån – kan studeras över tid samt att fokus kan riktas mot substansen, innehållet, i meningsskapandet såväl som processen. Data omfattar handlingar, argument, förväntningar och utfästelser. I denna studie har dessa betraktats som uttryck för meningsskapande, men de kan ses som uttryck för andra perspektiv. Metoden och modellen kan även användas inom andra processtudier där dessa kategoriers utveckling över tiden är av intresse, och där samspelet mellan olika nivåer är av betydelse.Ambitionen är i första hand att bidra till det pågående samtalet inom meningsskapande, men en förhoppning är också göra området tillgängligt för forskare inom andra områden och praktiker som inte kommit i kontakt med meningsskapande tidigare.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Emelie, 1987-
(författare)
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Patterns of corporate visual selfrepresentation in accounting narratives
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with firms’ visual and pre-visual self-representations in accounting narratives. Self-representations are those descriptions about the company that firms include in accounting narratives to convey the current standings and their identity. External stakeholders increasingly expect non-numerical information about firms to be disclosed, and accounting narratives are a key medium for firms to account for their activities and maintain legitimacy as social actors. The question of which reporting conventions exist for legitimating selfrepresentations, especially from a visual perspective, remains unexplored. The purpose of this study is therefore to explore the empirical phenomenon of self-representations in accounting narratives in relation to legitimation rhetoric.The study is based on three research papers dealing with different patterns of self-representations in accounting-related narratives, including corporate reporting and business model diagrams. The examples are viewed through the theoretical lenses of semiotics and institutional theory, particularly legitimation theory. The study combines visual methods (visual content analysis and visual taxonomy) with other methods (interviews, text analysis) to conceptualize and exemplify what is meant by self-representations in accounting narratives. The study finds that there may be multiple parallel pre-visual self-representations at play to influence representations of the self, that visual self-representations are becoming more common in accounting narratives, and that several rhetorical strategies for legitimation are observable in these representations. By showing how diagrams can serve a legitimating purpose in accounting narratives, it is argued that diagrams should be considered on par with graphs and photographs as visual rhetorical devices in accounting narratives, and that they could be used as key communicative elements in the accounting process.Second, based on the longitudinal and comparative examples of self-representations, it is suggested that self-representations increasingly refer to abstract rather than concrete referents. This change is discussed in terms of the increasingly digital and service-based knowledge economy, where material referents give way to “amaterial” values. The contribution of this study is to describe selfrepresentations through several empirical examples, and to thereby increase awareness among practitioners and researchers of how visuals serve as communicative resources with legitimating functions in accounting narratives. Four concepts are proposed as tools for explaining the observed developments, and for improving visual literacy with regard to accounting narratives: inclusive perspective on accounting narratives, amateriality, self-representation, and diagrams.
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| 4. |
- Imre, Özgün, 1985-
(författare)
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Adopting Information Systems Perspectives from Small Organizations
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Why do organizations adopt information systems? Is it just because of financial reasons, of concerns for efficiency? Or is it due to external pressures, such as competitor pressure, that an organization adopts an information system?And, how does the adoption take place? Is it a linear process, or is the process one of conflicts? Does a specific person govern this process, or do we have multiple parties involved? What happens if these conflicts occur among those involved? How does the organization move on and achieve a successful information system adoption?By investigating two organizations, one international academic journal and one South American manufacturing company, this thesis aims to investigate the whys and hows of information system adoption, and aims to contribute to the discourse on information system adoptions in small organizations – an often underrepresented segment in information system adoption literature.By adopting different theoretical lenses throughout the five research papers included, this body of work suggests that even when seemingly simple, information system adoptions can become rather complex. The cases reveal that the role of information systems and issues related to information system adoptions are often not well thought-out in the early days of the organization. The actors’ understandings of adoption and consequences mature and the information systems become more intertwined.Common use of stakeholder theory introduces general stakeholders and their interaction with the focal organization. The cases reveal that the adoption process involves multiple actors, even within what would initially appear as a stakeholder, and that those actors can be in conflict with each other. These conflicts often lead to negotiations, and the cases reveal that these negotiations are opportunities of learning; the actors engage with the information system and with each other, gaining new knowledge about the issues at hand.The dissertation argues that there are various social worlds in information system adoptions, and various factors – ranging from organizational structure to social norms – that often affect why and how the organization undergoes an adoption process. The multiple power relations and divergent interests of stakeholders in these adoption processes, and how information systems affect other parts of the organization, reinforce the need for a well thought-out, flexible and reflexive approach to information system adoptions.
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| 5. |
- Radits, Markus, 1981-
(författare)
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A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source : The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis approaches the phenomenon of open source software (OSS) from a managerial and organisational point of view. In a slightly narrower sense, this thesis studies commercialisation aspects around community-driven open source. The term ‘community-driven’ signifies open source projects that are managed, steered, and controlled by communities of volunteers, as opposed to those that are managed, steered, and controlled by single corporate sponsors.By adopting a business ecology perspective, this thesis places emphasis on the larger context within which the commercialisation of OSS is embedded (e.g., global and collaborative production regimes, ideological foundations, market characteristics, and diffuse boundary conditions). Because many business benefits arise as a consequence of the activities taking place in the communities and ecosystems around open source projects, a business ecology perspective may be a useful analytical guide for understanding the opportunities, challenges, and risks that firms face in commercializing OSS.There are two overarching themes guiding this thesis. The first theme concerns the challenges that firms face in commercialising community-driven open source. There is a tendency in the literature on business ecosystems and open source to emphasise the benefits, opportunities, and positive aspects of behaviour, at the expense of the challenges that firms face. However, business ecosystems are not only spaces of opportunity, they may also pose a variety of challenges that firms need to overcome in order to be successful. To help rectify this imbalance in the literature, the first theme particularly focuses on the challenges that firms face in commercialising community-driven open source. The underlying ambition is to facilitate a more balanced and holistic understanding of the collaborative and competitive dynamics in ecosystems around open source projects.The other theme concerns the complex intertwining of community engagement and profit-oriented venturing. As is acknowledged in the literature, the subject of firm-community interaction has become increasingly important because the survival, success, and sustainability of peer production communities has become of strategic relevance to many organisations. However, while many strategic benefits may arise as a consequence of firm-community interaction, there is a lack of research studying how the value-creating logics of firm–community interaction are embedded within the bigger picture in which they occur. Bearing this bigger picture in mind, this thesis explores the intertwining of volunteer community engagement and profit-oriented venturing by focusing on four aspects that are theorised in the literature: reinforcement, complementarity, synergy, and reciprocity.This thesis is designed as a qualitative exploratory single-case study. The empirical case is Joomla, a popular open source content management system. In a nutshell, the Joomla case in this thesis comprises the interactions in the Joomla community and the commercial activities around the Joomla platform (e.g., web development, consulting, marketing, customisation, extensions). In order to achieve greater analytical depth, the business ecology perspective is complemented with ideas and propositions from other theoretical areas, such as stakeholder theory, community governance, organizational identity, motivation theory, pricing, and bundling.The findings show that the common challenges in commercialising community-driven open source revolve around nine distinct factors that roughly cluster into three domains: the ecosystem, the community, and the firm. In short, the domain of the ecosystem comprises the global operating environment, the pace of change, and the cannibalisation of ideas. The domain of the community comprises the platform policy, platform image, and the voluntary nature of the open source project. And finally, the domain of the firm comprises the blurring boundaries between private and professional lives, the difficulty of estimating costs, and firm dependencies. Based on these insights, a framework for analysing community-based value creation in business ecosystems is proposed. This framework integrates collective innovation, community engagement, and value capture into a unified model of value creation in contexts of firm–community interaction.Furthermore, the findings reveal demonstrable effects of reinforcement, complementarity, synergy, and reciprocity in the intertwining of volunteer community engagement and profit-oriented venturing. By showing that this intertwining can be strong in empirical cases where commercial activities are often implicitly assumed to be absent, this thesis provides a more nuanced understanding of firm involvement in the realm of open source.Based on the empirical and analytical insights, a number of further theoretical implications are discussed, such as the role of intersubjective trust in relation to the uncertainties that commercial actors face, an alternative way of classifying community types, the metaphor of superorganisms in the context of open source, issues pertaining to the well-being of community participants, and issues in relation to the transitioning of open source developers from a community-based to an entrepreneurial self-identity when commercialising an open source solution. Furthermore, this thesis builds on six sub-studies that make individual contributions of their own.In a broad sense, this thesis contributes to the literature streams on the commercialisation of OSS, the business value and strategic aspects of open source, the interrelationships between community forms of organising and entrepreneurial activities, and the nascent research on ecology perspectives on peer-production communities. A variety of opportunities for future research are highlighted.
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| 6. |
- Cöster, Mathias, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalisering
- 2021. - 2
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitalisering är ett begrepp som står högt upp på agendan i många sammanhang. Att digitalisering är av fundamental betydelse för våra samhällen är de flesta överens om, men sällan diskuteras vad begreppet faktiskt kan betyda. Detta vill författarna Mathias Cöster och Alf Westelius reda ut i den här boken, som nu är inne på sin andra upplaga.De gör det genom att diskutera såväl digitaliseringens framväxt som olika aktuella och möjliga framtida konsekvenser av den.Sagt om boken"Mathias Cöster och Alf Westelius tar med läsaren på en resa där digitaliseringen problematiseras med utgångspunkt i informationsteknikens historiska framväxt. På så sätt formulerar författarna ett viktigt fundament för fortsatt diskussion om teknikens möjligheter och begränsningar ur ett brukarprespektiv. Jag rekommenderar alla med ambitionen att förstå och påverka det moderna samhället att ta till sig och reflektera över innehållet." Pär J. Ågerfalk, professor i informationssystem vid Uppsala universitet
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| 7. |
- Havemo, Emelie, 1987-
(författare)
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Den visuella bilden av organisationen : Perspektiv på visualitet i accounting
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organisations play a crucial role as actors that shape material action and societal discourse; therefore, it is important to understand the ways in which they gain legitimacy and how they shape society. The power of accounting representations to construct the accounting object – the organisation – is therefore a key concern in the accounting literature. Accounting is widely treated as a numbers-based ‘language of business’ through which ‘paper world’ representations shape outcomes in the material world. At present, visuality (the presence of visual images and visual thinking) is gaining influence as a means to represent organisations and construct accounting objects visually. As visuality continues to expand into the realm of accounting, questions emerge about its role and the possibilities of combining the two ‘languages’ during a time when management research is facing a “visual turn”.The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the nature of visuality in accounting. The dissertation is based on five essays that contribute to the visual turn through semiotic analysis of visual texts and qualitative case studies. Paper I explores how business model diagrams – an example of a corporate self-representation – can be designed, and proposes a typology of four main logics for illustrating value creation: classification, circularity, processes and transactions. Paper II describes the development of visuals use in the annual report, finding that visuals are used in greater numbers overall, and that diagrams are a relatively new visual resource in financial reporting. The paper also outlines the trend of a materiality, that is, that visuals increasingly refer to a non-specific and symbol-based idea of the organisation. In Paper III, internal and external representations of a business model are compared, and I conclude that self-representations can be based on parallel but conflicting interpretations of an idea. Paper IV proposes a new visual method for analysing combinations of graphs and texts, and shows that the ‘rhythm’ of graph use in the annual report increasingly integrates visuality in accounting narratives so that accounting and visuality overlap. Finally, Paper V explores challenges and opportunities of a digitalisation of visual artefacts based on the experiences of three organisations that used visual management before the transition.The theoretical contribution of this dissertation is framed in terms of two perspectives. First, a developmental perspective highlights that the nature of visuality has become more prominent in accounting settings, and that the nature of visuality has changed from materiality-based to a material practices that favour conceptual visualisations like diagrams and visual symbols. Second, visuality is explored from an ‘overlaps’ perspective. Three explanations for the role of visuality in accounting are synthesised from the literature: separation, convergence and multilingualism. The contribution is to conceptualise these ‘overlap models’ and thereby deepen the understanding of the role played by visuality in accounting. I also propose a fourth model – bridging – to extend the range of explanations for the meaning of a visual form of accounting.Based on the findings that visuality is more prominent and that the role of visuality is changing, it is proposed visual literacy is an important skill for practitioners who use visual images in accounting. The dissertation presents two frameworks that can contribute to visual literacy. The ‘transformationality framework’ shows how to analyse underlying ideas in corporate diagrams, and the ‘rhythm framework’ illustrates how to shape, use and analyse accounting texts in terms of how combinations of visuals form different rhythms in the annual report.
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| 8. |
- Lindeberg, Fredrik, 1987-
(författare)
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Coordinating the Internet
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många självklarheter i vårt digitala samhälle är beroende av Internet för att fungera. Allt från smarta dörrar för hemtjänster, till självscanningsapparaterna på ICA, till nyare bilar, moderna tillverkningsrobotar, telefoner och affärssystem. Den här licentiatavhandlingen reder ut vad Internet är, hur det styrs och vad det har för praktiska konsekvenser. Tidigare forskning finns bland annat inom telekommunikation där Internet liknas vid andra telekommunikationstjänster, så som kabel-TV eller mobiltelefoni, och inom digitalisering både inom management och informationssystem där Internet i det närmaste tas för givet som teknisk infrastruktur. Här tar jag en ansatts där jag förklarar Internet ur ett kombinerat tekniskt och organisatoriskt perspektiv.Studien är principiellt uppdelad i tre delar. Den första delen fokuserar på att begreppsmässigt hitta ett sätt att diskutera Internet utan att essentiella aspekter faller bort, såsom styrningen eller konsekvenser av den tekniska designen. Jag landar i att Internet är både ett tekniskt och ett organisatoriskt fenomen. Tekniskt i bemärkelsen att det handlar om digital paketbaserad kommunikation (dvs att olika paket kan ta olika väg och att det inte finns ett beroende på en viss specifik väg, eller “krets”), vilket kan särskiljas från exempelvis kretskopplad kommunikation (dvs en specific väg från sändare till mottagare) eller rent analog kommunikation. I denna tekniska dimension är Internet förhållandevis likt klassisk telekommunikation såsom kabel-TV och mobiltelefoni, och förlitar sig på best-effort paketbaserad kommunikation. I den andra dimensionen, styrning och organisation, är Internet ett explicit bottom-up fenomen som styrs med andra principer och ideal än klassisk telekommunikation. Till sin utformning är denna minsta möjliga koordination som krävs för att möjliggöra koordinering av de tekniska unika identifierare som behövs för att Internet ska fungera (dvs idag DNS- och BGP-flororna av protokoll för användning av namn och nummer på Internet). Båda dimensionerna, de organisatoriska och tekniska, följer samma designprinciper, och generellt är det meningsfullt att se Internet som en ekologi av aktörer snarare än en organisation i strikt teoretiska termer (exempelvis finns ingen tydlig övergripande strategi, organisationsnummer eller löneutbetalare). Det är dessa designprinciper, som ligger väl i linje med systemarkitektursprinciper för datorsystem, som är orsaken till Internets lager-design där man (generellt) inte ska bry som om vad som händer på andra lager än sitt eget (beskrivet som “separation of concerns” eller i dubbel negation “high cohesion” i texten) samt att ha en minimalistisk ansatts till koordinering och enbart koordinera eller skapa beroenden mellan enheter (både tekniskt och organisatoriskt) när det verkligen behövs (beskrivet som “minimum coordination” eller “low coupling” i texten). Den andra delen fokuserar på hur Internet kan socialt påverkas eller förändras till något annat, eller till något med en annan funktion sett som en styrd organisation. Jag använder begreppet social robusthet, som motpol till teknisk robusthet som i hur man tekniskt kan förstöra Internet, för att diskutera dessa aspekter. Slutsatserna här mynnar ut i att Internets explicita bottom-up och problemsuppdelnings-design gör det märkbart svårt för någon att medvetet påverka Internet för att ändra dess beskaffenhet, och dessutom visar jag att även om man praktiskt lyckas ta över de formellt beslutande råden (exempelvis ICANNs och IETFs styrelser) så finns det inga formella eller praktiska hinder för att bara ignorera dem (dvs switching costs för just ICANN eller IETF är låga, om än tekniskt omständligt med att konfigurera om rötter och routing-tabeller, och betydligt enklare än att gå från IPv4 till IPv6 då utrustning kan behöva ersättas och därmed en betydligt högre switching cost). Med andra ord, det är enklare att byta ut Internets koordinerare än att byta ut Internet mot något som fungerar annorlunda. Däremot är den rådande politiska världsordningen ett hot mot Internet, eftersom den regelstyrda och koordinerade världsordningen inte längre är lika självklar som den varit tidigare. Den tredje och sista studien fokuserar på nätneutralitet, dvs rätten nätverksoperatörer har att fånga värde i andra dimensioner än trafikmängd, som en praktiskt effekt av hur Internet styrs och fungerar. Det primära praktiska bidraget är att nätneutralitet inte får ses som enbart en reglerings och lagstiftningfråga utan det är mer relevant att prata om i termer av nätneutralitet i praktiken. I den bemärkelsen är lagstiftningens vara eller inte vara mindre intressant än praktisk nätneutralitets vara eller inte vara och en tyngdpunktsförskjutning i den offentliga debatten hade fört diskussionen närmare hur Internet fungerar. Sammanfattningsvis ger Internets designprinciper att marknadskrafter, och ej direkt reglering, ska möjliggöra nätneutralitet. För att förtydliga, tanken är att det ska finnas konkurrens inom de flesta nivåer eller lager, och att det är av vikt att det finns konkurrens rakt igenom så att en kundvilja för paketneutralitet på tjänstenivå även påverkar nätägar- och infrastrukturnivå, så att det är användarnas efterfrågan som leder till nätneutralitet (om den användarviljan finns). Dock kan det mycket väl vara så att man som användare inte är intresserad av nätneutralitet och då ska tjänsteleverantörer, nätägare och infrastrukturoperatörer inte heller tvingas vara neutrala genom lagstiftning då det går stick i stäv med designprinciperna. Inte heller ska en grupps vilja kring nätneutralitet påverka andras möjligheter att välja.Genomgående identifierar jag två kolliderande världsbilder, den distribuerade regelstyrda och koordinerade ordningen i sitt perspektiv med sina förkämpar, och den mer integrerande och suveräna världsordningen med sitt perspektiv och sina förkämpar. Rent praktiskt uppfyller Internet en önskad funktion i den tidigare men ej i den senare, då Internet designmässigt är byggt för att tillåta snarare än kontrollera och bestämma. Exempelvis finns det inte inbyggda (tekniska) mekanismer i Internet för att till exempel möjliggöra statlig övervakning eller kontroll av material som finns tillgängligt, och då ligger det mer i statens intresse att ha kontrollerade telekommunikationstjänster, såsom kabel-TV, mobiltelefoni och liknande lösningar där man inte helt enkelt kan lägga på ett “extra lager” för att uppnå kryptering, anonymitet eller tillgång till andra tjänster.I texten använder jag perspektiven tillsammans med teknologi, marknader och byråkrati för att fånga upp dynamiken och strömningarna i Internet-ekologin och jämför med tekniska samhällsförändringar, som exempelvis järnvägsnät, postverk och finansiella marknader. Jag konstaterar att Internet har varit styrt av teknologiskt baserade värderingar, till skillnad från de andra exemplen som i huvudsak har utformats av dynamiken mellan byråkrati och marknad. I denna mån förelår jag att teknologi kan användas som strömning och motperspektiv till den klassiska uppställningen med byråkrati och marknad för att beskriva fenomen i digitaliseringens tidsålder.Avhandlingen sätter även pågående trender i ett bredare perspektiv mot både organisation och teknik, och trycker på vikten av att förstå delarna var för sig och tillsammans för att på ett rikare sätt måla upp helheten.
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| 9. |
- Lundmark, Erik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Antisocial entrepreneurship : Conceptual foundations and a research agenda
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Venturing Insights. - : Elsevier. - 2352-6734. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas social entrepreneurship has been extensively studied, its antipode-antisocial entrepreneurship-is all but neglected in the literature. This article identifies and elucidates this glaring conceptual and research gap; it provides a conceptual foundation for making sense of antisocial entrepreneurship, demonstrating how it is distinct from related constructs such as illegal and destructive entrepreneurship; and it suggests an agenda for future research on antisocial entrepreneurship. Through studying antisocial entrepreneurship, a broader spectrum of entrepreneurial intentions, actions and outcomes becomes visible, potentially furthering our understanding, not only of antisocial entrepreneurship, but also of other, more commonly studied, facets of entrepreneurship.
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| 10. |
- Ryczer-Dumas, Malgorzata, 1990-
(författare)
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Users' agencies : juxtaposing public portrayals and users' accounts of app-mediated cardiac arrest volunteer work in Sweden
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis embraces a social science research perspective to examine uses of the app SMSlivräddare (eng. SMSlifesaving), now Heartrunner, dedicated to alert volunteers nearby to assist people suspected to suffer from a cardiac arrest outside hospital. This case study of the uses of the health and medical app juxtaposes the public portrayals of the app, its prospective users, their agencies and use practices with the volunteer users’ own accounts. The analysis explores dimensions of the app’s and its users’ agencies as delegated by the technology’s portrayals and perceived by its users. It renders visible also possibly obscured aspects of the volunteer users’ agencies and practices at the time of the technology’s implementation in the two first regions, before its subsequent adoption in other Swedish regions and in Denmark. A medical research perspective has so far dominated the studies of lifesaving apps. Such research evaluates the patients’ health outcomes resulting from the app use by the volunteers and concentrates on the examination of the efficiency aspects of the app, such as how many users arrived and how many engaged in resuscitating the patients. At the same time, it contributes to the promissory discourses and instrumental approaches applied to understand the meanings and uses of health and medical apps. In contrast, building on the discourse and thematic analysis of the qualitative research material, this thesis seeks to highlight the users’ perspectives in their co-constructing of the SMSlifesaving technology through their app use practices; it embraces a socio-material theoretical approach and critically explores the users’ agencies as delegated by the discourses of the project developers, managers and evaluators of the medical technology and as negotiated by the users in their daily practices. This thesis, first, investigates the public portrayals of the app, its users and their agencies published online, in the user-recruiting practices, and in a medical research publication evaluating the SMSlifesaving technology. Next, it examines how the volunteers’ accounts describe the rationales of their entry into their SMSlifesaving app use practices, the social context embedding their entry and the meanings which they ascribe to their practices. Third, the study investigates how the volunteers’ accounts in juxtaposition to the online portrayals of the SMSlifesaving technology represent the volunteers’ app use before their receptions of the app’s notifications which inform them about cardiac-arrest cases nearby, at the time of reception of such notifications, and following acceptance of such notifications.Contributing to the field of critical social research on health and medical apps, the thesis identifies that both the SMSlifesaving app users and the technologies they co-construct have agencies. It illustrates the users’ agencies delegated and negotiated; the latter when they overcome the app everyday dependencies and judge the app-mediated volunteer work importance versus their paid work and private life commitments, develop dutiful engagement with the app and re-define the app’s medical promises for the patients and their families
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