| 1. |
- Nilsson, Angela, 1961-
(författare)
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Gränsvakter : Tankestilar och sortering vid rekrytering av personal i sex kommuner
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is about the selection process taking place in connection with the recruitment of staff. My interest in this question stems from two problems, on the one hand the extensive discrimination on the Swedish labour market that affects people due to their origin, and on the other hand, the major efforts that are made to further integration on the labour market. So far we have not seen any substantial effect of these efforts. It’s a complex problem.Research that deals with the ethnic belonging of people and its importance when they are seeking employment shows that discrimination often is the outcome of unreflected processes that contribute to sorting out various categories of applicants. It is on this aspect of exclusion this study focuses.The main question is: How can practices of staff recruitment help us understand processes of exclusion on the labour market? Focus is on employers that are seeking to hire staff and their line of argument when they are selecting persons for employment.The study is based on written material such as advertising, applications for work, written comments on applications and data that are collected during observation and in talks with employers and staff from six municipalities. The sociology of knowledge has been my theoretical inspiration.The analysis shows that organisations have a fairly clear comprehension of what people they want in terms of qualifications and experience, and that choices are led by more or less predictable norms, regulations and routines. In other words, applicants who do not meet the expectations of the organisations will be excluded. Organisations are run permeated by certain styles of thought that determine their (institutionalized) actions and patterns which justify their selection. These styles of thought function as gatekeepers.
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| 2. |
- Avrahami, Dina, 1949-
(författare)
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Vi dansar inte på bordet : Lesbiska invandrarkvinnor i Sverige: stigmatisering & stolthet
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna forskning genomfördes under åren 2000–2004. Forskningssammanhanget är både Lesbiska studier och IMER forskning. I avhandlingen studeras livserfarenheter som 21 lesbiska informanter från 15 olika länder, alla invandrare i Sverige, berättar om. Utgångspunkten för forskningen är sexualitet och migration. De övergripande forskningsfrågorna är: Genom vilka processer blir kvinnor medvetna om sin sexuella dragning till kvinnor? Hur ”lär” de sig att leva lesbiskt, samt inom vilket socialt sammanhang sker dessa processer? Forskningsfrågorna belyses genom de livserfarenheter som de 21 lesbiska informanterna berättar om. Analysen görs genom fokusering på det samband och den växelverkan som fi nns mellan lesbiskhet och migration i datamaterialet.Studien är etnografi sk och kvalitativ. Den narrativa metoden används för inhämtning av det empiriska materialet, vilket består av utskrivna intervjuer och anteckningar från deltagande observation. Analysen görs med hjälp av teorier om sociala relationer, heteronormativitet, stigmatisering, aktörskap och migration. Studien visar att informanternas erfarenheter av stigmatisering och marginalisering liknar varandra oavsett i vilket samhälle de växt upp. Marginaliseringen av lesbiska kvinnor hänger till stor del samman med en samhällsstruktur som förtrycker kvinnlig sexualitet. Det är genom komma-ut-processen som den lesbiska kvinnan ”lär” sig att ”vara” lesbisk. Stigmatisering är det sociala sammanhang i vilket den lesbiska kvinnan blir medveten om sin sexuella orientering. Genom sitt aktörskap ändrar den lesbiska kvinnan sin sociala position i marginalen och växer som ett självständigt och stolt lesbiskt subjekt. Detta leder henne till att söka sig till andra homosexuella (kvinnor och män). Känslan av grupptillhörighet baserad på likartade livserfarenheter, som har sin grund i samhällets attityd till deras lesbiskhet är centralt för informanternas liv och avgörande för bygget av ett lesbiskt samhälle, oavsett etnisk och nationell bakgrund. Det lesbiska samhället (och gaysamhället) är internationellt.
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| 3. |
- Hassanen, Sadia, 1962-
(författare)
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Repatriation, Integration or Resettlement : The Dilemmas of Migration among Eritrean Refugees in Eastern Sudan
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The refugee problem continues to be a major international concern. This study is based on the situation of Eritrean refugees in Kassala town, Sudan, but provides some general insights in the on-going debate about the notions of home, transnationalism, citizenship, integration and return migration. The thesis examines the factors that influence the decision of Eritrean refugees in Kassala town concerning return migration. Different sources of data and several methods of data collection have been used. These include participant observation as well as interviews with refugees and certain officials. A central question is, what or where is “home”. The notions of home and of exile are continuously negotiated, contested and transformed in the context of ever-changing socio-economic and political conditions in the refugees’ country of asylum and their country of origin. The study shows that the decision concerning return migration is not only influenced by socio-economic conditions, but also by human rights violations in both countries, the arrival of new asylum-seekers, and the hope for resettlement in countries of the North. One of the most significant findings is that whether refugees return to their country of origin or not has little or nothing to do with the initial factors that prompted them to flee. In the case study, one of the major factors that influence the refugees’ decision to return is the extent to which they have become integrated into Sudanese society. The study shows that integration of the Eritrean refugees in Kassala town is a multi-faceted and complex process. The main factors that influence their integration are length of time in exile, language, religion, ethnicity and shared norms and values with the host population. Length of time in exile is of little significance compared with the other factors. Global connections with refugees settled in third countries also affect decisions concerning return migration.
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| 4. |
- Jonsson, Rickard, 1971-
(författare)
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Blatte betyder kompis : Om maskulinitet och språk i en högstadieskola
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with masculinity and language among a group of teenage boys. Based on a year’s fieldwork at a middle school in a Stockholm suburb, the study focuses on how language is used to “perform” masculinity and how the stereotype of the “immigrant youth” emerges in daily communication in school. Inspired by contemporary theoretical work on gender and performativity, the thesis argues that “immigrant youth” is a subject position that emerges through the intersection of two related kinds of phenomena: (a) what particular individuals do with language, and (b) the attitudes and practices about “immigrant young men” present in society and communicated in the school environment. There is an ongoing debate about how youths in multiethnic suburbs speak poor Swedish and use inappropriate language. This thesis takes a critical stance toward the essentializing and moralizing dimensions of that debate. It explores how discussions about “suburban youth slang” and “sexist language” contribute to stereotypes about “immigrant youth” that demonize young men from immigrant backgrounds, even as they subtly work to establish the superiority and desirability of middle-class ethnic Swedish culture and people. In addition, the study examines the way in which communicative practices in the school constantly refer to a particular masculine position that function as an “absent presence” in the construction of “immigrant male youth”, namely the “fag”. The omnipresent threat of the “fag” works in particular ways to construct both a normative Swedishness and a normative heterosexual masculinity. These stereotypes emerge as important boundaries for what should not be said or done in everyday school life. The role of different categorizations in school is examined, and a main finding is that there are no fixed meanings of words as “immigrant” or “blatte” (darkie/immigrant). The labels may be used in processes of exclusion, but they are also in order to establish social relations and friendships among boys.
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| 5. |
- Osanami Törngren, Sayaka
(författare)
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Love ain't got no color? : Attitude toward interracial marriage in Sweden
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation focuses on the geographical area of Malmö, the third largest city in Sweden, and examines the majority society’s opinions and attitudes toward interracial dating, marriage and childbearing. The dissertation is driven by two theoretical frames: the theory of race as ideas constructed through the perception of visible differences and the theory of prejudice and stereotypes. Mixed methods have been chosen as a means of exploring people’s attitudes toward interracial relationships. Quantitative data was collected by means of an attitude survey and the qualitative data was collected by means of follow-up interviews with some of the respondents who participated in the survey. The study shows that although their attitudes vary depending on the different groups in question, the majority of the respondents and interviewees could imagine getting involved in interrelationships and would not react negatively if a family member got involved in such a relationship. The quantitative results address the importance of intimate contacts, in other words having friends of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds in having more positive attitudes toward interracial dating, marriage and childbearing. Age, gender, education and the place of upbringing also affects people’s attitudes. The qualitative inquiry probes the reasoning behind the survey results and points to the complicated relations between individual attitudes and the sense of group position. The interviewees’ words depict color-blind ways of talking about attitudes toward interracial marriage and different groups. Ideas of race emerge in this color-blind reasoning and the role of visible difference is highlighted both through the quantitative and qualitative inquiries.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Malmsten, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
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Den föreningsdrivna antirasismen i Sverige : antirasism i rörelse
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to analyze the concept of antiracism and explore what characterizes the kind of antiracism that the empirical examples presented in this study represent. The empirical examples are instances of what I call antiracist actors. They are rooted in civil society, but also have strong connections with the government through government funding. The empirical data has been gathered through both qualitative and quantitative methods, mainly in the form of a survey and interviews. In order to explore the antiracist actors I have focused on three themes: (1) the shapes and forms of racism, (2) antiracism as a phenomenon, and (3) antiracism as a social arena. Through these themes I have gathered information about how the antiracist actors interpret their activities and the context in which they are working.On the subject of the shapes and forms of racism, I establish that racism is a concept that is hard to define. The antiracist actors lack a common language regarding racism, which affects the antiracist rhetoric. Regarding antiracism as a phenomenon, I conclude that the antiracist strategies mainly consist of three components: (1) knowledge is used as a strategic instrument internally to strengthen the volunteers, (2) knowledge is spread externally to increase awareness of racism, and (3) the antiracist actors deconstruct racist beliefs when opposing racist opinions. Finally, I research antiracism as a social arena and study civil society and theories about social movements in order to explore organizational aspects of the antiracist actors. Using Alberto Meluccis’ social movement theories, there is some evidence to support the thesis that the antiracist actors could be defined as part of an antiracist movement. However, overall there are stronger arguments to suggest the opposite, mainly since the antiracist actors are not in opposition to one or more adversaries. Instead they work with target groups, sometimes targeting the general public, sometimes specific groups like children in a certain school.The main conclusion from my study in this respect is that the antiracist actors are part of what I call association-driven antiracism. The associationdriven antiracism is characterized by non-violent methods and the antiracist actors do not focus on racist adversaries, instead they work with target groups trying to influence them in an antiracist way. The association-driven antiracism secures its continuity through networks, since many activities are project-based and only last for a limited period of time. Also, the antiracist actors are not representatives of particular political parties, instead they gather around the question at hand, antiracism. The antiracist actors within the association-driven antiracism are in close collaboration with the government and partly finance their activities with government funding. This collaboration can be explained as a positive steering process, the rulers (the government) and those who are ruled (the antiracist actors) agree on an antiracist ideology and work in the same direction.
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| 8. |
- Nyberg, Catarina, 1965-
(författare)
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Flerkulturella identifikationer i ett svensk-uganda-indiskt sammanhang
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global integration and international migration has led to an increased ethnic and cultural diversity in contemporary societies, one consequence being that social identities are changing in these new multicultural settings. This is particularly evident for people who have been brought up with two or more ethnic and/or cultural contexts. What can we learn from their experiences concerning new ways of understanding social identities in multicultural societies?This qualitative study explores the meanings of, and ways of relating to, ethnic and cultural identity categories among young people brought up in Sweden, whose parents migrated to Sweden as a result of the expulsion of Asians from Uganda in 1972. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 young Hindus and Muslims, both men and women. The data were analyzed and interpreted through a hermeneutical approach.The analysis of meaningful social categorizations in the young peoples’ accounts of themselves and their everyday lives showed that identity categories like “Indian”, “Swedish” and “Swedish-Indian” can refer to many different connotations depending on time and place. The participants define themselves in terms of various forms of pluricultural identifications, which reveal an active social identity work, where on the one hand they experience a continuously changing integration of different, sometimes opposing, self identifications, and on the other hand have to negotiate their self definitions with family and the wider society, where cultural contexts sometimes must be kept separate. These pluricultural identifications appear to be positive social identities and show a strong sense of subjective integration in the Swedish society.
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