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- Wiren, K, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of bioavailability by lowering of fat content in topical formulations
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 160:3, s. 552-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cosmetic properties of topical formulations are important parameters for the adherence to treatment, where modern oil-in-water emulsions are considered more acceptable compared with ointments. After application of an emulsion to the skin, the concentration of active ingredients in the formulation residue on the skin will increase, due to evaporation of volatile ingredients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of changes in vehicle fatty content on the skin penetration of two active ingredients: benzyl nicotinate (BN) and betamethasone valerate (BV). Formulations containing 0.5% BN and 0.3% BV in vehicles with different lipid content (10-80%) were applied in a randomized and double-blind manner to the forearm of healthy volunteers. The changes in skin colour (erythema and blanching) were then monitored visually and with a new noninvasive instrument. The BN formulation containing 10% fat induced erythema more rapidly and with higher intensity than the formulations with higher fat content. Increased efficacy was also observed from the low-fat content formulation of BV, which gave more blanching than the formulations with high fat content. The rate of penetration of the active ingredients was inversely related to the lipid content, i.e. simple changes of the cosmetic properties by modifications of the lipid content may affect the efficacy of a formulation.
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- Wirén, K, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with a barrier-strengthening moisturizing cream delays relapse of atopic dermatitis : a prospective and randomized controlled clinical trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 23:11, s. 1267-1272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Standard treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is based on topical glucocorticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors to treat flares combined with moisturizer treatment to alleviate dry skin symptoms. Patients with AD have an abnormal skin barrier function, and strategies for reducing the risks for eczema would be to repair the barrier or prevent barrier dysfunction. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the time to relapse of eczema during a 26-week maintenance treatment with a urea containing moisturizer compared to no treatment (neither medical nor non-medicated preparations) after successful clearing of atopic lesions. The moisturizer has previously been shown to improve skin barrier function. Methods: Patients applied betamethasone valerate (0.1%) on eczematous lesions during a 3-week period. Those with cleared eczema entered a 26-week maintenance phase, applying the moisturizer or left the previously affected area untreated. Upon eczema relapse, patients were instructed to contact the clinic and to have the relapse confirmed by the investigator. Results: Fifty-five patients entered the study and 44 patients were included in the maintenance phase (22 using moisturizer twice daily and 22 using no treatment). Median time to relapse for patients treated with moisturizer was > 180 days (duration of the study) compared with 30 days for the no-treatment group. Sixty-eight per cent of the patients treated with the moisturizer and 32% of the untreated patients remained free from eczema during the observation period. Conclusions: Maintenance treatment with a barrier-improving urea moisturizer on previous eczematous areas reduced the risk of relapse to approximately one third of that of no treatment.
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