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- Poley, L., et al.
(författare)
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The ABC130 barrel module prototyping programme for the ATLAS strip tracker
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 15:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS Detector [1], its Inner Detector, consisting of silicon pixel, silicon strip and transition radiation sub-detectors, will be replaced with an all new 100% silicon tracker, composed of a pixel tracker at inner radii and a strip tracker at outer radii. The future ATLAS strip tracker will include 11,000 silicon sensor modules in the central region (barrel) and 7,000 modules in the forward region (end-caps), which are foreseen to be constructed over a period of 3.5 years. The construction of each module consists of a series of assembly and quality control steps, which were engineered to be identical for all production sites. In order to develop the tooling and procedures for assembly and testing of these modules, two series of major prototyping programs were conducted: an early program using readout chips designed using a 250 nm fabrication process (ABCN-250) [2, 3] and a subsequent program using a follow-up chip set made using 130 nm processing (ABC130 and HCC130 chips). This second generation of readout chips was used for an extensive prototyping program that produced around 100 barrel-type modules and contributed significantly to the development of the final module layout. This paper gives an overview of the components used in ABC130 barrel modules, their assembly procedure and findings resulting from their tests.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Locatelli, F, et al.
(författare)
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The MPO Study: just a European HEMO Study or something very different?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Blood purification. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9735 .- 0253-5068. ; 26:1, s. 100-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although results from observational and epidemiological studies suggested a survival benefit associated with high-flux hemodialysis, conclusive evidence from prospective randomized clinical trials has been lacking. Both the HEMO Study in the USA and the Membrane Permeability Outcome Study (MPO Study) in Europe are randomized studies investigating the effect of high- and low-flux hemodialysis on patient outcomes, even though there were some significant differences in the design of the two studies. An earlier randomized clinical trial could not show differences on patient survival between patient groups being treated with membranes of different material and permeability, but this trial was not designed specifically to examine this particular endpoint. Based on these previous experiences, the MPO Study addressed a hemodialysis patient population which was considered to be more susceptible to the intervention with high-flux dialysis. To identify these patients with an elevated risk, low serum albumin levels were chosen as an indicator; low serum albumin is associated with malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Together with low serum albumin, patients had to be new to dialysis to be selected for the MPO Study. These particular considerations on patient selection, together with additional methodological refinements in the study design allow the conclusion that the MPO Study is valid on its own rather than being a European version of the HEMO Study.
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