| 1. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 2. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N., et al.
(författare)
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The PREDICTS database : a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 4:24, s. 4701-4735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - ). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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| 3. |
- Lipcsey, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
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Near-infrared spectroscopy of the thenar eminence : comparison of dynamic testing protocols
- 2012
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Ingår i: Critical Care and Resuscitation. - 1441-2772. ; 14:2, s. 142-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy of the thenar eminence (NIRSth) is a non-invasive bedside method for assessing tissue oxygenation. The vascular occlusion test (VOT) with a pressure cuff can be used to provide a dynamic assessment of the tissue oxygenation response to ischaemia. VOT has been applied to assess the microcirculation by NIRSth in critically ill patients. The optimal mode of performing such VOT, however, remains controversial. Design, participants and setting: Prospective observational study among a cohort of 11 healthy volunteers in a tertiary intensive care department. Intervention: Measurement of NIRS-derived parameters using 1-, 2- and 3-minute VOTs or VOT to 40% tissue oxygen saturation (StO(2)). Main outcome measure: Changes in StO(2) and tissue haemoglobin index (THI) over time, and relative change from baseline for StO(2) and THI. Results: Mean baseline StO(2) was 80% (SD, 5%) and mean THI was 13.7 (SD, 1.9). The lowest StO(2) at the end of the VOT was 39% (SD, 13%) and 39% (SD, 2%) in the 3-minute and the 40% StO(2) VOTs, respectively. The duration of the 40% StO(2) VOT ranged from 1:35 to 8:21 minutes (median, 3:29 min). There was a difference between the StO(2) curves for the 3-minute and 40% StO(2) VOT (P = 0.005) but not the THI curves. Reported pain score was a median of 3.5 (IQR, 2.5-5.5) and 4 (IQR 2-4) for the 3-minute and 40% StO(2) VOTs, respectively. Conclusions: The 3-minute VOT and the 40% StO(2) appear equivalent. However, the 3-minute VOT carries a degree of decreased patient discomfort and shorter overall duration of execution.
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| 4. |
- Suzuki, Satoshi, et al.
(författare)
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Pulse pressure variation-guided fluid therapy after cardiac surgery : A pilot before-and-after trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 29:6, s. 992-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study is to study the feasibility, safety, and physiological effects of pulse pressure variation (PPV)-guided fluid therapy in patients after cardiac surgery. Materials and methods: We conducted a pilot prospective before-and-after study during mandatory ventilation after cardiac surgery in a tertiary intensive care unit. We introduced a protocol to deliver a fluid bolus for a PPV >= 13% for at least >10 minutes during the intervention period. Results: We studied 45 control patients and 53 intervention patients. During the intervention period, clinicians administered a fluid bolus on 79% of the defined PPV trigger episodes. Median total fluid intake was similar between 2 groups during mandatory ventilation (1297 mL[interquartile range 549-1968] vs 1481 mL [807-2563]; P =. 17) and the first 24 hours (3046 mL [interquartile range 2317-3982] vs 3017 mL [2192-4028]; P = .73). After adjusting for several baseline factors, PPV-guided fluid management significantly increased fluid intake during mandatory ventilation (P = .004) but not during the first 24 hours (P = .47). Pulse pressure variation-guided fluid therapy, however, did not significantly affect hemodynamic, renal, and metabolic variables. No serious adverse events were noted. Conclusions: Pulse pressure variation-guided fluid management was feasible and safe during mandatory ventilation after cardiac surgery. However, its advantages may be clinically small.
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| 5. |
- Woinarski, Nicholas C. Z., et al.
(författare)
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Near-infrared spectroscopy of the thenar eminence to estimate forearm blood flow
- 2013
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Ingår i: Critical Care and Resuscitation. - 1441-2772. ; 15:4, s. 323-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy of the thenar eminence (NIRSth) can be used at the bedside to assess tissue oxygenation (Sto(2)), the reperfusion response to ischaemia and the tissue haemoglobin index (THI). Its ability to estimate forearm blood flow (FBF) has not previously been assessed. Objectives: We aimed to test whether short-lived venous occlusion-induced changes in NIRSth-derived THI (Delta THI/minute) correlate with strain gauge plethysmography (SGP) measurements. Methods: We measured FBF in nine volunteers with SGP by venous occlusion, while estimating Delta THI. Measurements were obtained in two forearm positions (elevated and horizontal) at baseline and during induced hyperaemia. Results: We performed 246 paired measurements at rest and after occlusion-induced hyperaemia. At rest, mean SGP-estimated FBF was 3.5-3.6 mL/dL/minute at baseline, compared with 12.9-13.6 mL/dL/minute during hyperaemia. At rest, Delta THI was 6.1-8.2/minute, compared with 29.7-32.5/minute during hyperaemia. Delta THI was a significant predictor of SGP FBF (P<0.01), with stronger correlation during hyperaemia (P<0.01). An equation was developed to convert Delta THI/minute into FBF at mL/dL/minute (FBF=0.362 x Delta THI/minute + 0.864). Conclusions: NIRSth can be used to estimate FBF. Given its portability and its ability to also measure Sto(2) and vascular reactivity, NIRSth can assist in providing a comprehensive bedside assessment of the forearm circulation in critically ill patients.
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