| 1. |
- Carvalho, Sofia B., et al.
(författare)
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Structural heterogeneity and bioimaging of S100 amyloid assemblies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Bio-nanoimaging. - : Academic Press. - 9780123944313 ; , s. 197-212
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- S100 proteins are small EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins involved in diverse cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Many S100 proteins also bind additional metal ions which modulate their folding and activity. The expression levels of many S100 proteins are significantly increased in cancer, neurodegenerative, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently, S100A8/A9 were identified as major amyloidogenic proteins in corpora amylacea inclusions of prostate cancer patients and found to undergo metal-mediated amyloid oligomerization and fibrillation in vitro. The amyloidogenic potential has also been found in other S100 family members, suggesting that amyloid-like assemblies may play an important role in S100 biologic activity in health and disease. In this chapter we address the structural diversity of S100 aggregates, as revealed by high-resolution bioimaging techniques. We start by overviewing the structural diversity of individual S100 proteins and their functional oligomers; this is followed by analysis of their amyloidogenic aggregation potential, general characterization of S100 amyloids, and the role of metal ions in aggregation pathways. The morphologic diversity of the aggregates formed by different types of S100 protein is illustrated by electron and atomic force microscopy data. The chapter ends by overviewing the amyloid formation by S100A8/A9 in the aging prostate, showing how microscopy techniques can be used to characterize in vitro and ex vivo amyloids.
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| 2. |
- Gruden, Marina A., et al.
(författare)
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Immunoprotection against toxic biomarkers is retained during Parkinson's disease progression
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5728 .- 1872-8421. ; 233:1-2, s. 221-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to ascertain any possible linkage between humoral immune responses to principal biomarkers (α-synuclein monomers, its toxic oligomers or fibrils, dopamine and S100B) and cellular immunity in Parkinson's disease development. There were elevated autoantibody titers to α-synuclein monomers, oligomers plus fibrils in 72%, 56%, and 17% of Parkinsonian patients respectively with a 5-year disease duration. Additionally, there were increased titers to dopamine and S100B (96% and 89%) in the 5-year patient group. All of these values subsided in 10-year sufferers. Furthermore, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte subsets declined in the patient cohort during Parkinsonism indicating disease associated reductions in these lymphocyte subsets.
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| 3. |
- Wilhelm, Kristina R, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Immune reactivity towards insulin, its amyloid and protein S100B in blood sera of Parkinson's disease patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 14:3, s. 327-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peripheral immune responses can be sensitive indicators of disease pathology. We evaluated the autoimmune reactions to endocrine (insulin) and astrocytical (S100B) biomarkers in the blood sera of 26 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared with controls by using ELISA. We found a statistically significant increase of the autoimmune responses to both antigens in PD patients compared with controls with a mean increase of 70% and 50% in the autoimmune reactions towards insulin and S100B, respectively. Heterogeneity of the immune responses observed in patients may reflect the modulating effect of multiple variables associated with neurodegeneration and also changes in the basic mechanisms of individual autoimmune reactivity. We did not detect any pronounced immune reactions towards insulin amyloid fibrils and oligomers in PD patients, indicating that an amyloid-specific conformational epitope is not involved in immune recognition of this amyloid type, while sequential epitope of native insulin is hidden within the amyloid structures. Immune reactions towards S100B and insulin may reflect the neurodegenerative brain damaging processes and impaired insulin homeostasis occurring in PD.
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| 4. |
- Yanamandra, Kiran, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Amyloid formation by the pro-inflammatory S100A8/A9 proteins in the ageing prostate.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:5, s. e5562-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The conversion of soluble peptides and proteins into polymeric amyloid structures is a hallmark of many age-related degenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes and a variety of systemic amyloidoses. We report here that amyloid formation is linked to another major age-related phenomenon--prostate tissue remodelling in middle-aged and elderly men. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: By using multidisciplinary analysis of corpora amylacea inclusions in prostate glands of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer we have revealed that their major components are the amyloid forms of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins associated with numerous inflammatory conditions and types of cancer. In prostate protease rich environment the amyloids are stabilized by dystrophic calcification and lateral thickening. We have demonstrated that material closely resembling CA can be produced from S100A8/A9 in vitro under native and acidic conditions and shows the characters of amyloids. This process is facilitated by calcium or zinc, both of which are abundant in ex vivo inclusions. These observations were supported by computational analysis of the S100A8/A9 calcium-dependent aggregation propensity profiles. We found DNA and proteins from Escherichia coli in CA bodies, suggesting that their formation is likely to be associated with bacterial infection. CA inclusions were also accompanied by the activation of macrophages and by an increase in the concentration of S100A8/A9 in the surrounding tissues, indicating inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings, taken together, suggest a link between bacterial infection, inflammation and amyloid deposition of pro-inflammatory proteins S100A8/A9 in the prostate gland, such that a self-perpetuating cycle can be triggered and may increase the risk of malignancy in the ageing prostate. The results provide strong support for the prediction that the generic ability of polypeptide chains to convert into amyloids could lead to their involvement in an increasing number of otherwise apparently unrelated diseases, particularly those associated with ageing.
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| 5. |
- Yanamandra, Kiran, 1977-
(författare)
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Studies of in vivo prostate amyloidosis and autoimmune responses towards amyloid structures in neurodegeneration
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By using multidisciplinary analysis of CA inclusions in prostate glands of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, we have revealed that their major components are the amyloid forms of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins associated with numerous inflammatory conditions and types of cancer. We have demonstrated that material closely resembling CA can be produced from S100A8/A9 in vitro and shows the characters of amyloids. This process is facilitated by calcium or zinc, both of which are abundant in ex vivo inclusions. These observations were supported by computational analysis of the S100A8/A9 calcium-dependent aggregation propensity profiles. We have found DNA and proteins from Escherichia coli in CA bodies, suggesting that their formation is likely to be associated with bacterial infection. CA inclusions were also accompanied by the activation of macrophages and by an increase in the concentration of S100A8/A9 in the surrounding tissues, indicating inflammatory reactions. These findings, taken together, suggest a link between bacterial infection, inflammation and amyloid deposition of pro-inflammatory proteins S100A8/A9 in the prostate gland, such that a self-perpetuating cycle can be triggered and may increase the risk of malignancy in the ageing prostate.We evaluated the autoimmune reactions to endocrine (insulin) and astrocytical (S100B) biomarkers in the blood sera of PD patients compared with healthy controls. Peripheral immune responses can be sensitive indicators of disease pathology. We found a statistically significant increase of the autoimmune responses to both antigens in patients compared with controls. Heterogeneity of the immune responses observed in patients may reflect the modulating effect of multiple variables associated with neurodegeneration and also changes in the basic mechanisms of individual autoimmune reactivity. We did not detect any pronounced immune reactions towards insulin amyloid fibrils and oligomers in patients, indicating that an amyloid-specific conformational epitope is not involved in immune recognition of this amyloid type. Immune reactions towards S100B and insulin may reflect the neurodegenerative brain damaging processes and impaired insulin homeostasis occurring in PD.Generated auto-antibodies towards the major amyloidogenic protein involved in PD Lewy bodies - a-synuclein and its amyloid oligomers and fibrils were measured in the blood sera of early and late PD patients and controls by using ELISA, Western blot and Biacore surface plasmon resonance analyses. We found significantly higher antibody levels towards monomeric a-synuclein in the blood sera of PD patients compared to controls, though the responses decreased with PD progression. There were no noticeable immune responses towards amyloid oligomers, but substantially increased levels of IgGs towards a-synuclein amyloid fibrils both in PD patients and controls, which subsided with the disease progression. Pooled IgGs from PD patients and controls interacted also with amyloid fibrils of Ab (1-40) and hen lysozyme, however the latter were recognized with lower affinity. This suggests that IgGs bind to amyloid conformational epitope, though displaying higher specificity towards human amyloid species associated with neurodegeneration. The findings suggest the protective role of autoimmunity in PD and therefore immune reactions towards PD major amyloid protein - a-synuclein can be used in treatment strategies and in diagnostics, especially in identifying early disease.
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