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| 2. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 4. |
- Fan, W., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of magnetization dynamics damping in Ni80Fe20/Nd-Cu bilayer at room temperature
- 2018
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Ingår i: AIP Advances. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2158-3226. ; 8:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focusing on the Ni80Fe20 (Py)/Nd-Cu bilayers, the magnetization dynamic damping from spin pumping effect is investigated systematically by doping itinerant Cu in rear earth metal Nd. Various Ta/Py/Nd1-xCux/Ta/Si films with x = 0%, 16%, 38%, 46% and 58% are prepared by magnetron sputtering. For every content of Cu, the thickness of Nd-Cu layer is changed from 1 nm to 32 nm. The damping coefficient increases with increasing the thickness of Nd-Cu layer, which shows the trend of the spin pumping behavior. Also, with increasing Cu concentration in the Nd-Cu layer, the damping coefficient decreases, implying that the spin-orbit coupling in Nd-Cu layer is indeed cut down by high itinerant of Cu dopants. It is interesting that the spin diffusion length (λSD) in the Nd-Cu layer for different Cu dopants is not found to increase monotonously.
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| 5. |
- Yao, S. T., et al.
(författare)
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Waves in Kinetic-Scale Magnetic Dips : MMS Observations in the Magnetosheath
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 46:2, s. 523-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kinetic scale magnetic dips (KSMDs), with a significant depression in magnetic field strength, and scale length close to and less than one proton gyroradius, were reported in the turbulent plasmas both in recent observation and numerical simulation studies. These KSMDs likely play important roles in energy conversion and dissipation. In this study, we present observations of the KSMDs that are labeled whistler mode waves, electrostatic solitary waves, and electron cyclotron waves in the magnetosheath. The observations suggest that electron temperature anisotropy or beams within KSMD structures provide free energy to generate these waves. In addition, the occurrence rates of the waves are higher in the center of the magnetic dips than at their edges, implying that the KSMDs might be the origin of various kinds of waves. We suggest that the KSMDs could provide favorable conditions for the generation of waves and transfer energy to the waves in turbulent magnetosheath plasmas. Plain Language Summary The Earth's magnetosheath is a turbulent plasma environment where energy conversion, particle acceleration, and mass and momentum transport take place. Many of these key processes involve kinetic-scale physics. However, in-depth studies from previous missions are limited by their lower spacecraft data resolution. The recent Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission provides us with a large amount of high-temporal cadence data for studying kinetic-scale physics in the magnetosheath. In this study, we report whistler mode waves, electrostatic solitary waves and electron cyclotron waves within kinetic-scale magnetic dips (KSMDs) that can be generated in the turbulent magnetosheath. These waves could be excited by electron temperature anisotropy or beams. As is well known, plasma waves are important processes in converting energy, accelerating and scattering electrons and ions, and modifying the distributions of charged particles. If plasma instabilities develop within the KSMDs, the resulting waves could absorb free energy from plasma particles and may propagate out of the KSMDs. Thus, our discoveries could significantly advance the understanding of energy conversion and dissipation for kinetic-scale turbulence. This study provides a new reference not only for observations in space physics but also for related basic plasma theories and numerical simulations.
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| 6. |
- Abgrall, N., et al.
(författare)
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The large enriched germanium experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay (LEGEND)
- 2017
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : Author(s). - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1894
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) would show that lepton number is violated, reveal that neu-trinos are Majorana particles, and provide information on neutrino mass. A discovery-capable experiment covering the inverted ordering region, with effective Majorana neutrino masses of 15 - 50 meV, will require a tonne-scale experiment with excellent energy resolution and extremely low backgrounds, at the level of ∼0.1 count /(FWHM·t·yr) in the region of the signal. The current generation 76Ge experiments GERDA and the Majorana Demonstrator, utilizing high purity Germanium detectors with an intrinsic energy resolution of 0.12%, have achieved the lowest backgrounds by over an order of magnitude in the 0νββ signal region of all 0νββ experiments. Building on this success, the LEGEND collaboration has been formed to pursue a tonne-scale 76Ge experiment. The collaboration aims to develop a phased 0νββ experimental program with discovery potential at a half-life approaching or at 1028 years, using existing resources as appropriate to expedite physics results.
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| 7. |
- Chen, Q. M., et al.
(författare)
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A new route toward light emission from Ge: tensile-strained quantum dots
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 7:19, s. 8725-8730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tensile-strained Ge quantum dot (QD) is proposed as a new route for the realization of direct band gap conversion in Ge. Ge QDs were successfully grown on an InP substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. The strain field in the QDs were analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and simulated by the finite element method based on the measured geometries. The strain field in the QDs is found to be non-uniform and the shear component plays a significant role in the energy band structure, leading to larger required hydrostatic strain than that in the Ge thin films under biaxial strain to become a direct band gap.
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| 8. |
- Yan, J. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Growth of metamorphic InGaP layers on GaAs substrates
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248. ; 378, s. 141-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the growth of InGaP metamorphic layer by gas source molecular-beam epitaxy. After optimization of the growth temperatures of the compositionally graded InGaP layer and the indium content in the top metamorphic InGaP layer, almost fully relaxed metamorphic layer was obtained with surface roughness of only about 2.17 nm. Strong photoluminescence signals were measured from both InGaAs quantum well and InAs quantum dots embedded in the metamorphic layer, indicating that the top metamorphic layer had low density of threading dislocations. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Yue, L., et al.
(författare)
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Novel InGaPBi single crystal grown by molecular beam epitaxy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Express. - : IOP Publishing. - 1882-0786 .- 1882-0778. ; 8:4, s. Art. no. 041201-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- InGaPBi crystalline thin films with up to 2.1% bismuth concentration have been grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry confirms that the majority of Bi atoms are located at substitutional lattice sites. The films exhibit good surface, structural, and interface quality, and their strains can be tuned from tensile to compressive by increasing the Bi content. InBi LO and GaBi LO vibrational modes in Raman spectroscopy were observed, and their intensities increased with Bi concentration. A weak photoluminescence signal was observed at 1.78 eV at room temperature for the sample with a Bi content of 0.5%.
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