| 1. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 2. |
- Li, Guoqiang, et al.
(författare)
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Differential ice volume and orbital modulation of Quaternary moisture patterns between Central and East Asia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Earth and Planetary Science Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0012-821X .- 1385-013X. ; 530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Desertification is of pressing environmental concern in large parts of Asia and directly affects millions of people. Arid Central Asia (ACA) in particular is highly sensitive to desertification and environmental change. Climate change in ACA may be driven by westerly circulation or monsoon variation. However, no consensus exists over their relative importance during the Quaternary and this greatly restricts our understanding of how this region may be affected by future climate change. Here we use the most detailed luminescence dating age model yet produced for ACA for three loess records in the Tianshan Mountains spanning the past 250 ka to show a sharp dichotomy in moisture variation between lowland and high mountain areas. The lowland areas of ACA are subjected to persistent aridity during past 250 ka, while highland areas clearly show dry-glacial and moist-interglacial changes, synchronous to moisture variability in monsoonal East Asia, and both co-varying with global ice volume and greenhouse gas (GHG) variation. In contrast, moisture variability across ACA within interglacials varies inversely with insolation-driven precessional changes. This is directly out of phase with the moisture changes of East Asia, which co-vary with precessional insolation changes, and indicates the influence of Westerly circulation in ACA. Our Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model simulations further reveal that coupled ice volume and GHG variations dominated climatic variability in both ACA and East Asia over glacial-interglacial cycles. However, the out of phase relationship between the intensity of the Westerly and East Asian monsoon systems during interglacial periods indicates that precessional forcing is responsible for differences in moisture patterns between ACA and East Asia. These observations indicate that moisture levels will not increase even in high altitude regions of ACA over the next several millennia; rather desertification is likely to worsen resulting from stabilization of the Westerlies as a result of low summer insolation.
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| 3. |
- Wei, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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Genome and proteomic analysis of risk factors for fatal outcome in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by human adenovirus 7
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : WILEY. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 95:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Human adenovirus 7 (HAdV-7) is an important viral pathogen of severe pneumonia in children and a serious threat to health. Methods: A cohort of 45 pediatric patients diagnosed with HAdV-7-associated severe pneumonia and admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2018 to January 2020 were included. Risk factors of death were analyzed by the Cox proportional risk mode with Clinical data, serum, and nasopharyngeal aspirate adenovirus load, Genome analysis, Olink proteomics, and cytokine profile between dead and surviving patients were also analyzed. Results: A total of 45 children with a median age of 12.0 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.5, 22.0) were included (female 14), including 14 (31.1%) who died. High serum viral load was an independent risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-4.49, p = 0.039). BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and IL-9 levels were significantly correlated with serum viral load (p = 0.0400, 0.0499, and 0.0290; r = 0.4663, 0.3339, and -0.3700, respectively), with significant differences between the dead and survival groups (p = 0.021, 0.001, and 0.021). Conclusions: Severe cytokine storm-associated high serum viral load after HAdV-7 infection may be the main mechanism responsible for poor prognosis in children.
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| 4. |
- Konturek-Ciesla, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 42:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging negatively affects hematopoiesis, with consequences for immunity and acquired blood cell disorders. Although impairments in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function contribute to this, the in vivo dynamics of such changes remain obscure. Here, we integrate extensive longitudinal functional assessments of HSC-specific lineage tracing with single-cell transcriptome and epitope profiling. In contrast to recent suggestions from single-cell RNA sequencing alone, our data favor a defined structure of HSC/progenitor differentiation that deviates substantially from HSC-derived hematopoiesis following transplantation. Native age-dependent attrition in HSC differentiation manifests as drastically reduced lymphoid output through an early lymphoid-primed progenitor (MPP Ly-I). While in vitro activation fails to rescue lymphoid differentiation from most aged HSCs, robust lymphopoiesis can be achieved by culturing elevated numbers of candidate HSCs. Therefore, our data position rare chronologically aged HSC clones, fully competent at producing lymphoid offspring, as a prime target for approaches aimed to improve lymphopoiesis in the elderly.
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| 5. |
- Lu, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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sp-Carbon Incorporated Conductive Metal-Organic Framework as Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 61:39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest for broad applications in catalysis and gas separation due to their high porosity. However, the insulating feature and the limited active sites hindered MOFs as photocathode active materials for application in photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation. Herein, we develop a layered conductive two-dimensional conjugated MOF (2D c-MOF) comprising sp-carbon active sites based on arylene-ethynylene macrocycle ligand via CuO4 linking, named as Cu3HHAE2. This sp-carbon 2D c-MOF displays apparent semiconducting behavior and broad light absorption till the near-infrared band (1600 nm). Due to the abundant acetylene units, the Cu3HHAE2 could act as the first case of MOF photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation and presents a record hydrogen-evolution photocurrent density of ≈260 μA cm−2 at 0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode among the structurally-defined cocatalyst-free organic photocathodes.
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| 6. |
- Ma, Haixia, et al.
(författare)
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The transcription factor Foxp1 regulates aerobic glycolysis in adipocytes and myocytes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 299:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, lactate has been recognized as an important circulating energy substrate rather than only a dead-end metabolic waste product generated during glucose oxidation at low levels of oxygen. The term "aerobic glycolysis" has been coined to denote increased glucose uptake and lactate pro-duction despite normal oxygen levels and functional mito-chondria. Hence, in "aerobic glycolysis," lactate production is a metabolic choice, whereas in "anaerobic glycolysis," it is a metabolic necessity based on inadequate levels of oxygen. Interestingly, lactate can be taken up by cells and oxidized to pyruvate and thus constitutes a source of pyruvate that is in-dependent of insulin. Here, we show that the transcription factor Foxp1 regulates glucose uptake and lactate production in adipocytes and myocytes. Overexpression of Foxp1 leads to increased glucose uptake and lactate production. In addition, protein levels of several enzymes in the glycolytic pathway are upregulated, such as hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Using chromatin immu-noprecipitation and real-time quantitative PCR assays, we demonstrate that Foxp1 directly interacts with promoter consensus cis-elements that regulate expression of several of these target genes. Conversely, knockdown of Foxp1 suppresses these enzyme levels and lowers glucose uptake and lactate production. Moreover, mice with a targeted deletion of Foxp1 in muscle display systemic glucose intolerance with decreased muscle glucose uptake. In primary human adipocytes with induced expression of Foxp1, we find increased glycolysis and glycolytic capacity. Our results indicate Foxp1 may play an important role as a regulator of aerobic glycolysis in adipose tissue and muscle.
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| 7. |
- Sukonina, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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FOXK1 and FOXK2 regulate aerobic glycolysis.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 566, s. 279-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptation to the environment and extraction of energy are essential for survival. Some species have found niches and specialized in using a particular source of energy, whereas others-including humans and several other mammals-have developed a high degree of flexibility1. A lot is known about the general metabolic fates of different substrates but we still lack a detailed mechanistic understanding of how cells adapt in their use of basic nutrients2. Here we show that the closely related fasting/starvation-induced forkhead transcription factors FOXK1 and FOXK2 induce aerobic glycolysis by upregulating the enzymatic machinery required for this (for example, hexokinase-2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), while at the same time suppressing further oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria by increasing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases 1 and 4. Together with suppression of the catalytic subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 this leads to increased phosphorylation of the E1α regulatory subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which in turn inhibits further oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria-instead, pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Suppression of FOXK1 and FOXK2 induce the opposite phenotype. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments, including studies of primary human cells, show how FOXK1 and/or FOXK2 are likely to act as important regulators that reprogram cellular metabolism to induce aerobic glycolysis.
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| 8. |
- Yin, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ Transforming RNA Nanovaccines from Polyethylenimine Functionalized Graphene Oxide Hydrogel for Durable Cancer Immunotherapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 21:5, s. 2224-2231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine is a promising candidate in cancer immunotherapy as it can encode tumor-associated antigens with an excellent safety profile. Unfortunately, the inherent instability of RNA and translational efficiency are major limitations of RNA vaccine. Here, we report an injectable hydrogel formed with graphene oxide (GO) and polyethylenimine (PEI), which can generate mRNA (ovalbumin, a model antigen) and adjuvants (R848)-laden nanovaccines for at least 30 days after subcutaneous injection. The released nanovaccines can protect the mRNA from degradation and confer targeted delivering capacity to lymph nodes. The data show that this transformable hydrogel can significantly increase the number of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and subsequently inhibit the tumor growth with only one treatment. Meanwhile, this hydrogel can generate an antigen specific antibody in the serum which in turn prevents the occurrence of metastasis. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of the PEI-functionalized GO transformable hydrogel for effective cancer immunotherapy.
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| 9. |
- Yin, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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Separable Microneedle Patch to Protect and Deliver DNA Nanovaccines Against COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 15:9, s. 14347-14359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The successful control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not only relying on the development of vaccines, but also depending on the storage, transportation, and administration of vaccines. Ideally, nucleic acid vaccine should be directly delivered to proper immune cells or tissue (such as lymph nodes). However, current developed vaccines are normally treated through intramuscular injection, where immune cells do not normally reside. Meanwhile, current nucleic acid vaccines must be stored in a frozen state that may hinder their application in developing countries. Here, we report a separable microneedle (SMN) patch to deliver polymer encapsulated spike (or nucleocapsid) protein encoding DNA vaccines and immune adjuvant for efficient immunization. Compared with intramuscular injection, SMN patch can deliver nanovaccines into intradermal for inducing potent and durable adaptive immunity. IFN-gamma(+)CD4/8(+) and IL-2(+)CD4/8(+) T cells or virus specific IgG are significantly increased after vaccination. Moreover, in vivo results show the SMN patches can be stored at room temperature for at least 30 days without decreases in immune responses. These features of nanovaccines-laden SMN patch are important for developing advanced COVID-19 vaccines with global accessibility.
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