| 1. |
- Dulio, Valeria, et al.
(författare)
-
The NORMAN Association and the European Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC) : let’s cooperate!
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 32:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC) is currently under development as a joint research and innovation programme to strengthen the scientific basis for chemical risk assessment in the EU. The plan is to bring chemical risk assessors and managers together with scientists to accelerate method development and the production of necessary data and knowledge, and to facilitate the transition to next-generation evidence-based risk assessment, a non-toxic environment and the European Green Deal. The NORMAN Network is an independent, well-established and competent network of more than 80 organisations in the field of emerging substances and has enormous potential to contribute to the implementation of the PARC partnership. NORMAN stands ready to provide expert advice to PARC, drawing on its long experience in the development, harmonisation and testing of advanced tools in relation to chemicals of emerging concern and in support of a European Early Warning System to unravel the risks of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and close the gap between research and innovation and regulatory processes. In this commentary we highlight the tools developed by NORMAN that we consider most relevant to supporting the PARC initiative: (i) joint data space and cutting-edge research tools for risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern; (ii) collaborative European framework to improve data quality and comparability; (iii) advanced data analysis tools for a European early warning system and (iv) support to national and European chemical risk assessment thanks to harnessing, combining and sharing evidence and expertise on CECs. By combining the extensive knowledge and experience of the NORMAN network with the financial and policy-related strengths of the PARC initiative, a large step towards the goal of a non-toxic environment can be taken.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abalos, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Results for PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCBs in the first round of UNEPs biennial global interlaboratory assessment on persistent organic pollutants
- 2013
-
Ingår i: TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-9936 .- 1879-3142. ; 46, s. 98-109
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first worldwide interlaboratory assesment on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention was organized in the Asian/Pacific, Latin American and African regions during 2009-11.A relatively large number of laboratories reported data for the PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs, especially in the Asian region. Within the Asian region, several participants used high-resolution GC/high-resolution MS systems optimized for dioxin analysis. The availibility of High-resolution mass spectrometer instrumentation is limited in the Latin America and African regions, although recently several new laboratories for dioxins have started in the Latin American region.
|
|
| 3. |
- de Boer, J., et al.
(författare)
-
United Nations Environment Programme Capacity Building Pilot Project : training and interlaboratory study on persistent organic pollutant analysis under the Stockholm Convention
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 617:1-2, s. 208-215
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the framework of a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Capacity Building Project for training of laboratory staff in developing countries on persistent organic pollutant (POP) analysis, an interlaboratory study was organised following an initial evaluation of the performance of laboratories (reality check) and a series of training sessions. The target compounds were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP). Seven laboratories from five countries (Ecuador, Uruguay, Kenya, Moldova, and Fiji) participated. Most of the laboratories had no experience in determining PCBs. Although chromatograms improved considerably after the training and installation of new gas chromatographic (GC) columns at participating laboratories, the level of performance in the interlaboratory study was essentially on par with the moderate performance level achieved by European POP laboratories in the 1980s. Only some individual results were within +/-20% of the target values. The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) in POP concentrations determined by laboratories in a sediment sample were >200% in a number of cases. The results for a certified herring sample were better with at least some R.S.D. values below 50% and most below 100%. Clean up was as one of the main sources of error. After inspection it was ascertained that training of laboratory staff and investments in simple consumables such as glassware and GC columns would help to improve the quality of the analysis more than major investments in expensive instrumentation. Creating an effective network of POP laboratories at different continents together with a series of interlaboratory studies and workshops is suggested to improve the measurements of POPs in these countries.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Hollert, Henner, et al.
(författare)
-
Eine Weight-of-Evidence-Studie zur Bewertung der Sedimentbelastung und des Fischrückgangs in der Oberen Donau [Assessing sediments and fish health using a weight-of-evidence approach : in search for the causes of fish decline in the Danube river]
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung. - Berlin : Springer. - 0934-3504 .- 1865-5084. ; 21:3, s. 260-263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim Despite intensive and continuous stocking and improvement of water quality since the 1970s, fish populations, especially those of the grayling (Thymallus thymallus), have declined over the last two decades in the upper Danube River (Germany). In order to assess 1) possible links between molecular/biochemical responses and ecologically relevant effects, and 2) if ecotoxicological effects might be related to the decline in fish catches in the upper Danube river, sediment samples and fish were collected at different locations and analyzed using a weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach with several lines of evidence. The objective of the presentation is to introduce the conceptual framework and to review results of the ongoing study. As previously addressed by Chapman and Hollert (2006) a variety of lines of evidence can be used in WOE studies. Briefly, 1) a comprehensive battery of acute and mechanism-specific bioassays was used to characterize the ecotoxicological hazard potential. 2) Histopathological investigations and the micronucleus assay with erythrocytes were applied, analyzing in situ parameters. 3) Diversity and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates and fish as well as 4) persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disrupting substances, limnochemical parameters and the concentration of heavy metals were recorded. To identify organic contaminants a spotential causes of sediment toxicity assays, 5) effect directed analysis was applied. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
|
|
| 6. |
- Löthgren, Carl-Johan, 1968-
(författare)
-
Mercury and dioxins in a MercOx-scrubber
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The removal of mercury and the absorption of dioxins in an acid wet scrubber have been studied in industrial scale. Hydrogen peroxide is added as an oxidizing agent to the scrubber liquid with the purpose to remove SO2 and enhance the removal of mercury. The scrubber is operating as the final flue gas cleaning stage at the SAKAB plant, a hazardous waste incinerator in Sweden. Mercury speciation was measured in flue gases upstream and downstream of the scrubber with three different techniques: Impingers, solid phase absorbents and a continuous emission monitor. During the flue gas sampling periods also the scrubber liquid was sampled. It was found that mercury entering the scrubber is efficiently oxidized at normal operating conditions. An increased fraction of elemental gaseous mercury was found in flue gases after the scrubber at redox potentials below 700 mV and pH below 1. The mercury emissions were more dependent on the scrubber liquid composition than on the inlet concentrations. Equilibrium calculations of the mercury speciation in the scrubber liquid and flue gases after the scrubber showed that mercury is normally emitted as HgBr2 or HgCl2. Elemental bromine and chlorine are formed in the scrubber. Both species probably take part in the mercury oxidation process. Results from 18 months of dioxin sampling, using a continuous long term sampling device (the AMESA system) were evaluated by multivariate data analyses. It was shown that the elevated emissions observed were caused by a memory effect in the scrubber due to high start-up concentrations. The memory effect was modelled in a diffusion model where the dioxins were considered to be physically absorbed in and desorbed from the polypropylene fillings of the scrubber. From the diffusion model, the diffusivities for tetra to hexa chlorinated dioxins in polypropylene were calculated. The diffusivity of tetra chlorinated dioxins was calculated to be 10-14 m2/s. The diffusivity decreases with increasing chlorination. For hexa chlorinated dioxins it was calculated to be 10-16 m2/s. Brominated dioxins were measured before and after a fabric filter. The fraction of brominated dioxins increased after the filter. Di brominated furans were the most abundant homologue.
|
|
| 7. |
- Martin, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
-
Analytical challenges hamper perfluoroalkyl research
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 38:13, s. 248A-255A
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Van Leeuwen, S. P. J., et al.
(författare)
-
First worldwide UNEP interlaboratory study on persistent organic pollutants (POPs), with data on polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides
- 2013
-
Ingår i: TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-9936 .- 1879-3142. ; 46, s. 110-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first worldwide interlaboratory study on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention was organized, with a participation of 103 laboratories from Asia, Europe, the Americas, Africa and Australia, of which the majority submitted data on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The participating laboratories were requested to analyze different matrices (i.e. two test solutions, and test materials for fish, sediment, fly ash and human milk). All results were statistically evaluated according to the procedures used in the European Union-based QUASIMEME proficiency-testing scheme.
|
|
